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REFERENCES 參考文獻

A C D E F G H I J L M N O P R S T V W X Z

A

Abrus precatorius 相思子
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=3186
  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 相思子; p. 305–7.
  3. 中國植物誌(第40卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1994. 相思子; p. 123.
  4. Fernando C. Poisoning due to Abrus precatorius (jequirity bean). Anaesthesia. 2001;56(12):1178–80.
  5. Dickers KJ, Bradberry SM, Rice P, Griffiths GD, Vale JA. Abrin poisoning. Toxicol Rev. 2003;22(3):137–42.
  6. TOXBASE [Internet]. United Kingdom: TOXBASE, National Poisons Information Service; 2014 [updated 2014 May; cited 2015 Mar 2]. Available from: http://www.toxbase.org/Poisons-Index-A-Z/A-Products/Abrus-precatorius/
  7. Wooten JV, Pittman CT, Blake TA, Thomas JD, Devlin JJ, Higgerson RA, et al. A case of abrin toxin poisoning, confirmed via quantitation of L-abrine (N-methyl-L-tryptophan) biomarker. J Med Toxicol. 2014;10(4):392–4.
  8. Jang DH, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS. Attempted suicide, by mail order: Abrus precatorius. J Med Toxicol. 2010;6(4):427–30.
  9. Subrahmanyan D, Mathew J, Raj M. An unusual manifestation of Abrus precatorius poisoning: a report of two cases. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008;46(2):173–5.
  10. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Abrus precatorius; p. 63.
  11. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 相思子; p. 368–9.
  12. Owens J, Koester C. Quantitation of abrine, an indole alkaloid marker of the toxic glycoproteins abrin, by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry when spiked into various beverages. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56(23):11139–43.
  13. Johnson RC, Zhou Y, Jain R, Lemire SW, Fox S, Sabourin P, et al. Quantification of L-abrine in human and rat urine: a biomarker for the toxin abrin. J Anal Toxicol. 2009;33(2):77–84.

Adenanthera microsperma 海紅豆
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 17]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=3017
  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 海紅豆; p. 315–6.
  3. 章錦瑜. 喬木賞花圖鑑. 台中: 晨星出版; 2004. p. 142.
  4. 鄭元春. 臺灣自然觀察圖鑑(25): 有毒植物. 臺北: 渡假出版; 2002. p. 120.
  5. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 371.
  6. Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A. Agroforestry Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0 [Internet]. Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre; 2009 [cited 2012 Mar 12]. Available from: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb/
  7. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Adenanthera microsperma; p. 45.

Adenium obesum 天寶花
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 23]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=3744
  2. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 36.
  3. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 64–5.
  4. Van Wyk B-E, Van Heerden F, Van Oudtshoorn B. Poisonous plants of South Africa. Pretoria: Briza Publications; 2005. p. 38.
  5. Yamauchi T, Abe F. Cardiac glycosides and pregnanes from Adenium obesum (studies on the constituents of Adenium. I). Chem Pharm Bull. 1990;38(3):669–72.
  6. Schwartz A, Allen JC, Harigaya S. Possible involvement of cardiac Na+, K+–adenosine triphosphatase in the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1969;168(1):31–41.
  7. Glynn IM. The action of cardiac glycosides on sodium and potassium movements in human red cells. J Physiol. 1957;136(1):148–73.
  8. Heard K. Digoxin and therapeutic cardiac glycosides. In: Dart RC, editor. Medical toxicology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. p. 700–6.
  9. Eddleston M, Persson H. Acute plant poisoning and antitoxin antibodies. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(3):309–15.
  10. Roberts DM, Buckley NA. Antidotes for acute cardenolide (cardiac glycoside) poisoning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;4:CD005490.
  11. Kew Database [Internet]. Surrey: Royal Botanic Gardens; 1985 [cited 2014 Aug 19]. Available from: http://apps.kew.org/efloras/namedetail.do?flora=fz&taxon=5657&nameid=14350

Alangium chinense八角楓
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=3369
  2. 中華本草(第五冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 八角楓根; p. 724–7.
  3. 中國植物誌(第52卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1983. 八角楓; p. 164.
  4. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 71–2.
  5. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 21.
  6. 鄭元春. 臺灣自然觀察圖鑑(25): 有毒植物. 臺北: 渡假出版; 2002. p. 19
  7. 莊兆祥, 李甯漢主編. 香港中草藥(第二輯). 香港: 商務印書館; 1999. p. 100.
  8. 張長銀, 張禮俊, 胡永良, 夏顯東, 盧林明, 閏宜鋒 等. 小鼠急性八角楓中毒的病理學觀察. 法醫學雜誌 2009;25(5):329–31.
  9. Dictionary of plant toxins. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 1998. (-)-Anabasine; p. 22.
  10. 張昌華, 王登文, 許小明, 樓旭鵬, 邱慈梧. 八角楓中毒死亡１例. 法醫學雜誌 2008;24(2):155–6.
  11. Murphy NG, Albin C, Tai W, Benowitz NL. Anabasine toxicity from a topical folk remedy. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2006;45(7):669–71.
  12. Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM. Nicotinic plant poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009;47(8):771–81.
  13. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Alangium chinense; p. 164.
  14. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 八角楓根; p. 24–5.
  15. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 八角楓; p. 10–2.
  16. Ciolino LA, Turner JA, McCauley HA, Smallwood AW, Yi TY. Optimization study for the reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine in commercial tobacco products. J Chromatogr A. 1999;852(2):451–63.
  17. Luanratana O, Griffin WJ. Alkaloids of Duboisia hopwoodii. Phytochemistry. 1982;21(2):449–51.
  18. Kataoka H, Inoue R, Yagi K, Saito K. Determination of nicotine, cotinine, and related alkaloids in human urine and saliva by automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2009;49(1):108–14.
  19. Shakleya DM, Huestis MA. Simultaneous quantification of nicotine, opioids, cocaine, and metabolites in human fetal postmortem brain by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009;393(8):1957–65.

Albizia lebbeck 大葉合歡
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=3022
  2. 中國植物誌(第39卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1988. 闊莢合歡; p. 62.
  3. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p 78.
  4. Chu WL. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Discovery; 2007. p. 44.
  5. Kokila K, Priyadharshini SD, Sujatha V. Phytopharmacological properties of Albizia species: a review. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013;5(3):70–3.
  6. Faisal M, Singh PP, Irchhaiya R. Review on Albizia lebbeck a potent herbal drug. IRJP 2012;3(5):63–8.
  7. Centre for Food Safety. Natural toxins in food plants. Risk Assessment Studies Report No. 27. Hong Kong: Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2007. p. 19.
  8. 鄭元春. 臺灣自然觀察圖鑑(25): 有毒植物. 臺北: 渡假出版; 2002. p. 122.
  9. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Albizia lebbeck; p. 39.
  10. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編委會; 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 大葉合歡皮; p. 323.

Aleurites moluccana 石栗
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database. Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=8135
  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 石栗子; p. 756–7.
  3. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p 55.
  4. Scott S, Thomas C. Poisonous plants of paradise: first aid and medical treatment of injuries from Hawai̒i’s plants. Honolulu: University of Hawai̒i Press; 2000. p. 25–9.
  5. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 70–1.
  6. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 29.
  7. Satyanarayana P, Kumar KA, Singh SK, Rao GN. A new phorbol diester from Aleurites moluccana. Fitoterapia. 2001;72(3):304–6.
  8. Lim TK. Aleurites moluccanus. In: Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants, Vol. 2, fruits. Netherlands: Springer; 2012. p. 465–71.
  9. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Aleurites moluccana; p. 233.
  10. Vogg G, Achatz S, Kettrup A, Sandermann H Jr. Fast, sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination of tumor-promoting diterpene esters. J Chromatogr A. 1999;855(2):563–73.

Allamanda cathartica 軟枝黃蟬
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=6749
  2. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p 37.
  3. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 58.
  4. Chu WL. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Discovery; 2007. p. 36.
  5. Anderson JE, Chang CJ, McLaughlin JL. Bioactive components of Allamanda Schottii. J Nat Prod. 1988;51(2):307–8.
  6. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 71–2.
  7. Plants and mushrooms: Allamanda schottii. Queensland Poisons Information Centre, Queensland Health, Queensland Government [Internet]. Queensland: Queensland Health; 2010 [cited 2012 Mar 6]. Available from: http://www.health.qld.gov.au/poisonsinformationcentre/plants_fungi/allamandaschottii.asp
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Allamanda cathartica; p. 24.
  9. Nayak S, Nalabothu P, Sandiford S, Bhogadi V, Adogwa A. Evaluation of wound healing activity of Allamanda cathartica L. and Laurus nobilis L. extracts on rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2006;6:12.
  10. Coppen JJW. Iridoids with algicidal properties from Allamanda cathartica. Phytochemistry. 1983;22(1):179–82.

Allamanda schottii 黃蟬
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=6750
  2. 中國植物誌(第63卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1977. 黃蟬; p. 75.
  3. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p 38.
  4. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 59.
  5. Chu WL. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Discovery; 2007. p. 37.
  6. Anderson JE, Chang CJ, McLaughlin JL. Bioactive components of Allamanda Schottii. J Nat Prod. 1988;51(2):307–8.
  7. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 71–2. Plants and mushrooms: Allamanda. Queensland Poisons Information Centre, Queensland Health, Queensland Government [Internet]. Queensland: Queensland Health; 2010 [cited 2012 Mar 29]. Available from: http://www.health.qld.gov.au/poisonsinformationcentre/plants_fungi/allamanda.asp
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Allamanda cathartica; p. 24.
  9. Coppen JJW. Iridoids with algicidal properties from Allamanda cathartica. Phytochemistry. 1983;22(1):179–82.

Alocasia cucullata 尖尾芋
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 23]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=6216
  2. 中華本草(第八冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 卜芥; p. 479.
  3. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 74–5.
  4. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 109–22.
  5. Goonasekera CD, Vasanthathilake VW, Ratnatunga N, Seneviratne CA. Is Nai Habarala (Alocasia cucullata) a poisonous plant? Toxicon. 1993;31(6):813–6.
  6. Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM, Lambie BS, Wilkins GT, Schep LJ. Poisonous plants in New Zealand: a review of those that are most commonly enquired about to the National Poisons Centre. N Z Med J. 2012;125(1367):87–118.
  7. Pang CT, Ng HW, Lau FL. Oral mucosal irritating plant ingestion in Hong Kong: epidemiology and its clinical presentation. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2010;17(5):477–81.
  8. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 334–5.
  9. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 4. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Cheung KW, Pang KS, Yip KL, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2011. Alocasia cucullata; p. 37.
  10. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 卜芥; p. 18–9.
  11. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 卜芥; p. 8–9.
  12. 中華人民共和國衛生部藥典委員會. 中華人民共和國藥典中藥粉末顯微鑒別彩色圖集. 趙中振主編. 偏光顯微鏡在中藥顯微鑒別上的應用. 廣州: 廣東科技出版社; 1999. p. 17–35.

Alocasia macrorrhizos 海芋
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 23]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=6220
  2. 中華本草(第八冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 海芋; p. 480–1.
  3. 中國植物誌(第13卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1979. 海芋; p. 76.
  4. Chu WL. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Discovery; 2007. p. 56.
  5. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 100.
  6. Lin TJ, Hung DZ, Hu WH, Yang DY, Wu TC, Deng JF. Calcium oxalate is the main toxic component in clinical presentations of Alocasis macrorrhiza (L) Schott and Endl poisonings. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1998;40(2):93–5.
  7. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 109–22.
  8. Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM, Lambie BS, Wilkins GT, Schep LJ. Poisonous plants in New Zealand: a review of those that are most commonly enquired about to the National Poisons Centre. N Z Med J. 2012;125(1367):87–118.
  9. Srivastava V, Mubeen S, Semwal BC, Misra V. Biological activities of Alocasia macrorrhiza: a review. J Sci. 2012;2(1):22–9.
  10. Pang CT, Ng HW, Lau FL. Oral mucosal irritating plant ingestion in Hong Kong: epidemiology and its clinical presentation. Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2010;17(5):477–81.
  11. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 334–5.
  12. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 4. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Cheung KW, Pang KS, Yip KL, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2011. Alocasia macrorrhizos; p. 37.
  13. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 海芋; p. 458–9.
  14. 中華人民共和國衛生部藥典委員會. 中華人民共和國藥典中藥粉末顯微鑒別彩色圖集. 趙中振主編. 偏光顯微鏡在中藥顯微鑒別上的應用. 廣州: 廣東科技出版社; 1999. p. 17–35.

Amanita farinosa 小托柄鵝膏菌
  1. 張樹庭, 卯曉嵐. 香港蕈菌. 香港: 中文大學出版社; 1995. p. 93.
  2. Tulloss RE, Rodríguez Caycedo C. Amanita farinosa. In: Tulloss RE, Yang ZL, editors. Amanitaceae studies [Internet]. New Jersey: www. amanitaceae.org; 2013 [cited 2013 May 29]. Available from: http://www.amanitaceae.org?Amanita+farinosa
  3. Apple Daily [Internet]. 2013 Apr 8 [cited 2015 Mar 16]. Available from: http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20130408/18220809
  4. Letschert K, Faulstich H, Keller D, Keppler D. Molecular characterization and inhibition of amanitin uptake into human hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci. 2006;91(1):140–9.
  5. Magdalan J, Ostrowska A, Piotrowska A, Iżykowska I, Nowak M, Gomułkiewicz A, et al. α-Amanitin induced apoptosis in primary cultured dog hepatocytes. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2010;48(1):58–62.
  6. Berger KJ, Guss DA. Mycotoxins revisited: Part I. J Emerg Med. 2005;28(1):53–62.
  7. Goldfrank LR. Mushrooms. In: Nelson LS, Lewin NA, Howland MA, et al, editors. Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011. p. 1522–36.
  8. Giannini L, Vannacci A, Missanelli A, Mastroianni R, Mannaioni PF, Moroni F, et al. Amatoxin poisoning: a 15-year retrospective analysis and follow-up evaluation of 105 patients. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007;45(5):539–42.
  9. Enjalbert F, Rapior S, Nouguier-Soulé J, Guillon S, Amouroux N, Cabot C. Treatment of amatoxin poisoning: 20-year retrospective analysis. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(6):715–57.
  10. Pond SM, Olson KR, Woo OF, Osterloh JD, Ward RE, Kaufman DA, et al. Amatoxin poisoning in northern California, 1982-1983. West J Med. 1986;145(2):204–9.
  11. Poucheret P, Fons F, Doré JC, Michelot D, Rapior S. Amatoxin poisoning treatment decision-making: pharmaco-therapeutic clinical strategy assessment using multidimensional multivariate statistic analysis. Toxicon. 2010; 55(7):1338–45.
  12. Magdalan J, Ostrowska A, Piotrowska A, Gomułkiewicz A, Podhorska-Okołów M, Patrzałek D, et al. Benzylpenicillin, acetylcysteine and silibinin as antidotes in human hepatocytes intoxicated with α-amanitin. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2010;62(4):367–73.
  13. Press Releases: two food poisoning cases related to wild mushrooms [Internet]. Hong Kong: Centre of Health Protection, Department of Health, the Government of HKSAR; 2013 [cited 2015 Jan 27]. Available from: http://www.dh.gov.hk/english/press/2013/130406.html
  14. Food Safety Focus: do not pick and eat wild mushrooms [Internet]. Hong Kong: Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2013 [cited 2015 Jan 27]. Available from: http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/multimedia/multimedia_pub/multimedia_pub_fsf_82_03.html
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Areca catechu 檳榔
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  11. 中華人民共和國藥典(一部). 國家藥典委員會; 北京: 中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 檳榔; p. 342–3.
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  13. Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. California: Art of Medicine Press; 2004. Bing Lang (Semen Arecae); p. 545–6.
  14. Aromdee C, Panuwongse S, Anorach R, Vorarat S. A high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of arecoline in Areca nuts. Thai J Pharm Sci. 2003;27(1–2):41–7.
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Arisaema erubescens 一把傘南星
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 23]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=5422
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  8. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 334–5.
  9. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 4. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Cheung KW, Pang KS, Yip KL, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2011. Arisaema erubescens; p. 38.
  10. 中華本草(第八冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編委會; 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 天南星; p. 504–11.
  11. 中華人民共和國藥典(一部). 國家藥典委員會; 北京: 中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 天南星; p. 53–4.
  12. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 天南星; p. 91–3.
  13. Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. California: Art of Medicine Press; 2004. Tian Nan Xing (Rhizoma Arisaematis); p. 685–6.
  14. 中華人民共和國衛生部藥典委員會. 中華人民共和國藥典中藥粉末顯微鑒別彩色圖集. 趙中振主編. 偏光顯微鏡在中藥顯微鑒別上的應用. 廣州: 廣東科技出版社; 1999. p. 17–35.

Aristolochia tagala 印度馬兜鈴
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 July 9]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=4787
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  3. Battu GR, Parimi R, Chandra Shekar KB. In vivo and in vitro pharmacological activity of Aristolochia tagala (syn: Aristolochia acuminata) root extracts. Pharm Biol. 2011;49(11):1210–4.
  4. 李甯漢, 劉啟文主編. 香港中草藥(第六輯). 香港: 商務印書館; 1997. p. 114.
  5. 中華本草(第三冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 黑面防己; p. 482–3.
  6. Debelle FD, Vanherweghem JL, Nortier JL. Aristolochic acid nephropathy: a worldwide problem. Kidney Int. 2008;74(2):158–69.
  7. Poon WT, Lai CK, Chan AYW. Aristolochic acid nephropathy: the Hong Kong perspective. Hong Kong J Nephrol. 2007;9(1):7–14.
  8. Lo SHK, Mo KL, Wong KS, Poon SP, Chan CK, Lai CK, et al. Aristolochic acid nephropathy complicating a patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19(7):1913–5.
  9. Vanherweghem JL, Abramowicz D, Tielemans C, Depierreux M. Effects of steroids on the progression of renal failure in chronic interstitial renal fibrosis: a pilot study in Chinese herbs nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;27(2):209–15.
  10. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 1. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2007. Aristolochia tagala; p. 63.
  11. Zhang C, Wang X, Shang M, Yu J, Xu Y, Li Z, et al. Simultaneous determination of five aristolochic acids and two aristololactams in Aristolochia plants by high-performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr. 2006;20(4):309–18.
  12. Jong TT, Lee MR, Hsiao SS, Hsai JL, Wu TS, Chiang ST, et al. Analysis of aristolochic acid in nine sources of Xixin, a traditional Chinese medicine, by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2003;33(4):831–7.

Asclepias curassavica 馬利筋
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 27]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=4492
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  3. Chakraborty S, Siegenthaler J, Büchi ER. Corneal edema due to Asclepias curassavica. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113(8):974–5.
  4. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院編委會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 蓮生桂子花; p. 1807–8.
  5. Chu WL. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Discovery; 2007. p. 22.
  6. 韋松基, 劉壽養. 有毒藥用植物的生藥學研究. 廣西中醫藥. 2003;26(2):55–6.
  7. Roy MC, Chang FR, Huang HC, Chiang MY, Wu YC. Cytotoxic principles from the Formosan milkweed, Asclepias curassavica. J Nat Prod. 2005;68(10):1494–9.
  8. Groeneveld HW, van den Berg B, Elings JC, Seykens D. Cardenolide biosynthesis from malonate in Asclepias curassavica. Phytochemistry. 1990;29(11):3479–86.
  9. Ma G, Brady WJ, Pollack M, Chan TC. Electrocardiographic manifestations: digitalis toxicity. J Emerg Med. 2001;20(2):145–52.
  10. Eddleston M, Persson H. Acute plant poisoning and antitoxin antibodies. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(3):309–15.
  11. Roberts DM, Buckley NA. Antidotes for acute cardenolide (cardiac glycoside) poisoning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;4:CD005490.
  12. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Asclepias curassavica; p. 32.
  13. 中華本草(第六冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編委會; 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 蓮生桂子花; p. 323–4.
  14. Kanojiya S, Madhusudanan KP. Rapid identification of calotropagenin glycosides using high‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Phytochem Anal. 2012;23(2):117–25.

Averrhoa carambola 楊桃
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 July 10]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=8282
  2. 中國植物誌(第43卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1998. 楊桃; p. 4.
  3. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 楊桃; p. 713–4.
  4. Neto MM, Robl F, Netto JC. Intoxication by star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) in six dialysis patients? (Preliminary report). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998;13(3):570–2.
  5. Chan CK, Li R, Shum HP, Lo SHK, Chan KKC, Wong KS, et al. Star fruit intoxication successfully treated by charcoal haemoperfusion and intensive haemofiltration. Hong Kong Med J. 2009;15(2):149–52.
  6. 莊兆祥, 李甯漢主編. 香港中草藥(第五輯). 香港: 商務印書館; 1999. p. 70–1.
  7. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 334–5.
  8. Neto MM, da Costa JA, Garcia-Cairasco N, Netto JC, Nakagawa B, Dantas M. Intoxication by star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) in 32 uraemic patients: treatment and outcome. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18(1):120–5.
  9. Chen CL, Fang HC, Chou KJ, Wang JS, Chung HM. Acute oxalate nephropathy after ingestion of star fruit. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37(2):418–22.
  10. Chang CT, Chen YC, Fang JT, Huang CC. Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) intoxication: an important cause of consciousness disturbance in patients with renal failure. Ren Fail. 2002;24(3):379–82.
  11. Herbland A, El Zein I, Valentino R, Cassinotto C, Meunier C, Rieux D, et al. Star fruit poisoning is potentially life-threatening in patients with moderate chronic renal failure. Intensive Care Med. 2009;35(8):1459–63.
  12. Tse KC, Yip PS, Lam MF, Choy BY, Li FK, Lui SL, et al. Star fruit intoxication in uraemic patients: case series and review of the literature. Intern Med J. 2003;33(7):314–6.
  13. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Averrhoa carambola; p. 287.
  14. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 楊桃; p. 977–8.
  15. Nisperos-Carriedo MO, Buslig BS, Shaw PE. Simultaneous detection of dehydroascorbic, ascorbic, and some organic acids in fruits and vegetables by HPLC. J Agric Food Chem. 1992;40(7):1127–30.
  16. Roessner U, Wagner C, Kopka J, Trethewey RN, Willmitzer L. Technical advance: simultaneous analysis of metabolites in potato tuber by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plant J. 2000;23(1):131–42.

C

Caesalpinia pulcherrima 洋金鳳
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=8342
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  5. Van Wyk B-E and Van Heerden F, Van Oudtshoorn B. Poisonous plants of South Africa. Pretoria: Briza Publications; 2005. p. 226.
  6. Fuller TC, McClintock E. Poisonous plants of California. 1st ed. California: University of California Press; 1986. p. 156–7.
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Calotropis gigantea 牛角瓜
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  2. 中華本草(第六冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 牛角瓜; p. 325–6.
  3. Palejkar CJ, Palejkar JH, Patel MA, Patel AJ. A Comprehensive review on plant Calotropis gigantea. IJPLS. 2012;2(2):463–70.
  4. Eddleston M, Persson H. Acute plant poisoning and antitoxin antibodies. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(3):309–15.
  5. Roberts DM, Buckley NA. Antidotes for acute cardenolide (cardiac glycoside) poisoning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;4:CD005490.
  6. Flora of China, Vol. 16. Editorial Committee of the Flora of China. Beijing: Science Press; 1995. Calotropis gigantea; p. 202.
  7. Kanojiya S, Madhusudanan KP. Rapid identification of calotropagenin glycosides using high‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Phytochem Anal. 2012;23(2):117–25.

Camptotheca acuminata 喜樹
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  2. 中華本草(第五冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 喜樹; p. 730–3.
  3. 中國植物誌(第52卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1983. 喜樹; p. 145.
  4. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 喜樹; p 549–51.
  5. Wiedenfeld H, Furmanowa M, Roeder E, Guzewska J, Gustowski W. Camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin in callus and plantlets of Camptotheca acuminata. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 1997;49:213–8.
  6. Hsiang YH, Hertzberg R, Hecht S, Liu LF. Camptothecin induces protein-linked DNA breaks via mammalian DNA topoisomerase I. J Biol Chem. 1985;260(27):14873–8.
  7. Dictionary of alkaloids. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2010. Camptothecin; p. 351–3.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Camptotheca acuminata; p. 165.
  9. Van Hengel AJ, Harkes MP, Wichers HJ, Hesselink PGM, Buitelaar RM. Characterization of callus formation and camptothecin production by cell lines of Camptotheca acuminata. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 1992;28(1):11–8.
  10. Li Q, Zhu Q, Zhang X, Hua C, Deng X, Zhao T, et al. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of a camptothecin quaternary derivative in rats. Fitoterapia. 2013;90:57–64.

Cardiospermum halicacabum 倒地鈴
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=7495
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  3. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 51.
  4. 鄭元春. 臺灣自然觀察圖鑑(25): 有毒植物. 臺北: 渡假出版; 2002. p. 173.
  5. Committee for veterinary medicinal products: summary report for Cardiospermum halicacabum [Internet]. United Kingdom: Veterinary medicine evaluation unit, The European agency for the evaluation of medicinal products; 1999 [cited 2015 Feb 25]. Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Maximum_Residue_Limits_-_Report/2009/11/WC500011402.pdf
  6. Centre for Food Safety. Natural toxins in food plants. Risk Assessment Studies Report No. 27. Hong Kong: Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2007. p. 19.
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Catharanthus roseus 長春花
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  4. Chu WL. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Discovery; 2007. p. 38.
  5. Gupta MM, Singh DV. Tripathi AK, Pandey R, Verma RK, Singh S, et al. Simultaneous determination of vincristine, vinblastine, cantharanthine, and vindoline in leaves of Catharanthus roseus by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci. 2005;43(9):450–3.
  6. Himes RH, Kersey RN, Heller-Bettinger I, Samson FE. Action of the Vinca alkaloids vincristine, vinblastine, and desacetyl vinblastine amide on microtubules in vitro. Cancer Res. 1976;36(10):3798–802.
  7. Chae L, Moon HS, Kim SC. Overdose of vincristine: experience with a patient. J Korean Med Sci. 1998;13(3):334–8.
  8. Wu ML, Deng JF, Wu JC, Fan FS, Yang CF. Severe bone marrow depression induced by an anticancer herb Cantharanthus roseus. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42(5):667–71.
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  11. Tsai TH. Analytical approaches for traditional Chinese medicines exhibiting antineoplastic activity. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001;764(1–2):27–48.

Catunaregam spinosa 山石榴
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  2. 中華本草(第六冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 山石榴; p. 469–70.
  3. 中國植物誌(第71卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1999. 山石榴; p. 338.
  4. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 632–3.
  5. 羅深秋, 俞守義主編. 南方有毒植物及其中毒的處理. 上海: 第二軍醫大學出版社; 2000. p. 249.
  6. Yang K, Li Y, Ge L, Qin Z. Isolation of triterpenoids from Catunaregam spinosa. Adv Mat Res. 2011;236–8:1731–7.
  7. Gao G, Lu Z, Tao S, Zhang S, Wang F. Triterpenoid saponins with antifeedant activities from stem bark of Catunaregam spinosa (Rubiaceae) against Plutella xylostella (Plutellidae). Carbohydr Res. 2011;346(14):2200–5.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Catunaregam spinosa; p. 236.

Cerbera manghas 海杧果
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database. Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium; 2014 [cited 2015 Nov 2]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=4069
  2. 中國植物誌(第63卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1977. 海杧果; p. 33.
  3. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 60.
  4. Cheenpracha S, Karalai C, Rat-A-Pa Y, Ponglimanont C, Chantrapromma K. New cytotoxic cardenolide glycoside from the seeds of Cerbera manghas. Chem Pharm Bull. 2004;52(8):1023–5.
  5. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 96–9.
  6. Schwartz A, Allen JC, Harigaya S. Possible involvement of cardiac Na+, K+–adenosine triphosphatase in the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1969;168(1):31–41.
  7. Glynn IM. The action of cardiac glycosides on sodium and potassium movements in human red cells. J Physiol. 1957;136(1):148–73.
  8. Heard K. Digoxin and therapeutic cardiac glycosides. In: Dart RC, editor. Medical toxicology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. p. 700–6.
  9. Ma G, Brady WJ, Pollack M, Chan TC. Electrocardiographic manifestations: digitalis toxicity. J Emerg Med. 2001;20(2):145–52.
  10. Liu PC, Liu MH, Chen SY, Cherng WJ, Wang CH. Sea mango cardiac intoxication. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2008;24(1):56–9.
  11. Gaillard Y, Krishnamoorthy A, Bevalot F. Cerbera odollam: a 'suicide tree' and cause of death in the state of Kerala, India. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;95(2–3):123–6.
  12. Eddleston M, Persson H. Acute plant poisoning and antitoxin antibodies. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(3):309–15.
  13. Roberts DM, Buckley NA. Antidotes for acute cardenolide (cardiac glycoside) poisoning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;4:CD005490.
  14. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Cerbera manghas; p. 19.
  15. Carlier J, Guitton J, Bévalot F, Fanton L, Gaillard Y. The principal toxic glycosidic steroids in Cerbera manghas L. seeds: Identification of cerberin, neriifolin, tanghinin and deacetyltanghinin by UHPLC-HRMS/MS, quantification by UHPLC-PDA-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2014;962:1–8.
  16. Kohls S, Scholz-Böttcher B, Rullkötter J, Teske J. Method validation of a survey of thevetia cardiac glycosides in serum samples. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;215(1–3):146–51.

Chlorophyllum molybdites 綠褶菇
  1. 張樹庭, 卯曉嵐. 香港蕈菌. 香港: 中文大學出版社; 1995. p. 137.
  2. 卯曉嵐主編. 中國大型真菌. 鄭州: 河南科學技術出版社; 2000. p. 188.
  3. Augenstein WL. Chlorophyllum molybdites. In: Spoerke DG, Rumack BH, editors. Handbook of mushroom poisoning: diagnosis and treatment. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press; 1994. p. 325–35.
  4. Berger KJ, Guss DA. Mycotoxins revisited: part II. J Emerg Med. 2005;28(2):175–83.
  5. Lehmann PF, Khazan U. Mushroom poisoning by Chlorophyllum molybdites in the Midwest United States. Mycopathologia. 1992;118(1):3–13.
  6. Stenklyft PH, Augenstein WL. Chlorophyllum molybdites – severe mushroom poisoning in a child. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1990;28(2):159–68.
  7. Goldfrank LR, Flomenbaum NE, Lewin NA, Howland MA, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS, editors. Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 1115–28.
  8. de Meijer AAR, de Almeida Amazonas MAL, Rubio GBG, Curial RM. Incidences of poisonings due to Chlorophyllum molybdites in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Braz Arch Biol Technol. 2007;50(3):479–88.
  9. Food Safety Focus: toxins in our mushrooms? [Internet]. Hong Kong: Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 May 27]. Available from: http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/multimedia/multimedia_pub/multimedia_pub_fsf_90_02.html
  10. Common poisonous mushrooms in Hong Kong [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 May 27]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/DocFile/Publications/20143281929567931.pdf

Clematis chinensis 威靈仙
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Aug 3]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=2771
  2. 中華本草(第三冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 威靈仙; p. 187–94.
  3. 羅深秋, 俞守義主編. 南方有毒植物及其中毒的處理. 上海: 第二軍醫大學出版社; 2000. p. 27.
  4. 辛永潔, 顧瑩. 威靈仙及同屬幾種植物的不良反應. 陝西中醫. 1998;19(11):519.
  5. 李增華. 威靈仙考證探析. 中國現代醫生. 2007; 45(20):62.
  6. Shao B, Qin G, Xu R, Wu H, Ma K. Triterpenoid saponins from Clematis chinensis. Phytochemistry. 1995;38(6):1473–9.
  7. Wu W, Xu X, Dai Y, Xia L. Therapeutic effect of the saponin fraction from Clematis chinensis Osbeck roots on osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate through protecting articular cartilage. Phytother Res. 2010;24(4):538–46.
  8. Centre for Food Safety. Natural toxins in food plants. Risk Assessment Studies Report No. 27. Hong Kong: Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2007. p. 19.
  9. 章樹毅. 威靈仙中毒反應1例報告. 浙江中醫學院學報. 2000;24(4):81.
  10. 李曉紅. 威靈仙中毒致心律失常2例報道. 嶺南急診醫學雜誌. 2008;13(1):53.
  11. 李甯漢, 劉啟文主編. 香港中草藥(第六輯). 香港: 商務印書館; 1997. p. 116.
  12. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 1. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2007. Clematis chinensis; p.71.
  13. 中華人民共和國藥典(一部). 國家藥典委員會;北京：中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 威靈仙; p. 234–5.
  14. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 威靈仙; p. 1632–4.
  15. Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. California: Art of Medicine Press; 2004. Wei Ling Xian (Radix Clematidis); p. 306.
  16. Wang D, Li F, Li P, Zhang J, Liu L, Xu P, et al. Validated LC-MS/MS assay for the quantitative determination of clematichinenoside AR in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr. 2012;26(10):1282–5.

Clitoria ternatea 蝶豆
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=6109
  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 蝴蝶花豆; p. 420.
  3. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 14.
  4. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 382.
  5. 鄭元春. 臺灣自然觀察圖鑑(25): 有毒植物. 臺北: 渡假出版; 2002. p. 124.
  6. 章錦瑜. 藤本賞花圖鑑. 台中: 晨星出版; 2004. p. 73–4.
  7. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Clitoria ternatea; p. 109.
  8. Mukherjee PK, Kumar V, Kumar NS, Heinrich M. The Ayurvedic medicine Clitoria ternatea - from traditional use to scientific assessment. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;120(3):291–301.
  9. Chauhan N, Rajvaidhya S, Dubey BK. Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological review on Clitoria ternatea for antiasthmatic activity. IJPSR. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2012;3(2):398–404.

Codiaeum variegatum 變葉木
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=11428
  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 灑金榕; p. 766–7.
  3. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 56.
  4. Hausen BM, Schulz KH. Occupational contact dermatitis due to croton (Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss var. pictum (Lodd.) Muell. Arg.). Sensitization by plants of the Euphorbiaceae. Contact Dermatitis. 1977;3(6):289–92.
  5. Ogunwenmo KO, Idowu OA, Innocent C, Esan EB, Oyelana OA. Cultivars of Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume (Euphorbiaceae) show variability in phytochemical and cytological characteristics. Afr J Biotechnol. 2007;6(20):2400–5.
  6. Spoerke DG, Smolinske SC. Toxicity of houseplants. Florida: CRC Press; 1990. p. 101–2.
  7. 鄭元春. 臺灣自然觀察圖鑑(25): 有毒植物. 臺北: 渡假出版; 2002. p. 88.
  8. Morton JF. Ornamental plants with toxic and/or irritant properties II. Proc Fla St Hort Soc. 1962;75:484–91.
  9. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Codiaeum variegatum; p. 226.
  10. Vogg G, Achatz S, Kettrup A, Sandermann H Jr. Fast, sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination of tumor-promoting diterpene esters. J Chromatogr A. 1999;855(2):563–73.

Convallaria majalis 鈴蘭
  1. International poisonous plants checklist: An evidence-based reference. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2008. p. 102.
  2. 中華本草(第八冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 鈴蘭; p. 79–81.
  3. McKinney P, Cumpston K, editors. Poisonous plants: A handbook for doctors, pharmacists, toxicologists, biologists and veterinarians. 2nd ed. Portland: Timber Press; 2005. p. 255–6.
  4. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 400–1.
  5. Alexandre J, Foucault A, Coutance G, Scanu P, Milliez P. Digitalis intoxication induced by an acute accidental poisoning by lily of the valley. Circulation. 2012;125(8):1053–5.
  6. Schwartz A, Allen JC, Harigaya S. Possible involvement of cardiac Na+, K+–adenosine triphosphatase in the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1969;168(1):31–41.
  7. Glynn IM. The action of cardiac glycosides on sodium and potassium movements in human red cells. J Physiol. 1957;136(1):148–73.
  8. Heard K. Digoxin and therapeutic cardiac glycosides. In: Dart RC, editor. Medical toxicology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. p. 700–6.
  9. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 133–4
  10. Colombo ML, Assisi F, Puppa TD, Moro P, Sesana FM, Bissoli M, et al. Most commonly plant exposures and intoxications from outdoor toxic plants. J Pharm Sci Res. 2010;2(7):417–25.
  11. Lamminpää A, Kinos M. Plant poisonings in children. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1996;15(3):245–9.
  12. Eddleston M, Persson H. Acute plant poisoning and antitoxin antibodies. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(3):309–15.
  13. Roberts DM, Buckley NA. Antidotes for acute cardenolide (cardiac glycoside) poisoning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;4:CD005490.
  14. 中國植物誌(第15卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1978. 鈴蘭; p. 2.
  15. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 鈴蘭; p. 1866–7.
  16. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 鈴蘭; p. 437–8.
  17. Carlier J, Guitton J, Romeuf L, Bévalot F, Boyer B, Fanton L, et al. Screening approach by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the blood quantification of thirty-four toxic principles of plant origin. Application to forensic toxicology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2015;975:65–76.

Costus speciosus 閉鞘薑
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=7408
  2. 中華本草(第八冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 樟柳頭; p. 623–5.
  3. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 765.
  4. Indian medicinal plants: an illustrated dictionary. New York: Springer Science + Business Media, LLC.; 2007. Costus speciosus (Koenig) Sm; p. 176.
  5. 李忠, 傅文, 林瑞超, 王鋼力, 魏鋒, 杭太俊. 閉鞘姜屬植物化學成分及藥理研究概況. 中藥材. 2001;24(2):148–50.
  6. Centre for Food Safety. Natural toxins in food plants. Risk Assessment Studies Report No. 27. Hong Kong: Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2007. p. 19.
  7. 羅深秋, 俞守義主編. 南方有毒植物及其中毒的處理. 上海: 第二軍醫大學出版社; 2000. p. 311.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 4. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Cheung KW, Pang KS, Yip KL, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2011. Costus speciosus; p. 251.
  9. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 樟柳頭; p. 2596–7.
  10. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 樟柳頭; p. 608–9.

Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum 文殊蘭
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 July 2]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=3397
  2. 中華本草(第八冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 羅裙帶; p. 201–3.
  3. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p 26.
  4. 莊兆祥, 李甯漢主編. 香港中草藥(第四輯). 香港: 商務印書館; 1999. p. 194.
  5. 鄭元春. 臺灣自然觀察圖鑑(25): 有毒植物. 臺北: 渡假出版; 2002. p. 20.
  6. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 139.
  7. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 104.
  8. 莊兆祥, 李甯漢主編. 香港中草藥(第四輯). 香港: 商務印書館; 1999. p. 194.
  9. Kretzing S, Abraham G, Seiwert B, Ungemach FR, Krügel U, Regenthal R. Dose-dependent emetic effects of the Amaryllidaceous alkaloid lycorine in beagle dogs. Toxicon. 2011; 57(1):117–24.
  10. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 4. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Cheung KW, Pang KS, Yip KL, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2011. Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum; p. 263.
  11. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 羅裙帶; p. 1359–60.
  12. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 羅裙帶; p. 322–3.
  13. Kaya GI, Cicek D, Sarikaya B, Onur MA, Somer NU. HPLC-DAD analysis of lycorine in Amaryllidaceae species. Nat Prod Commun. 2010;5(6):873–6.
  14. Ptak A, EI Tahchy A, Dupire F, Boisbrun M, Henry M, Chapleur Y, et al. LCMS and GCMS for the screening of alkaloids in natural and in vitro extracts of Leucojum aestivum. J Nat Prod. 2009;72(1):142–7.
  15. Zhou X, Liu YB, Huang S, Liu Y. An LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of lycorine and galanthamine in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study of Lycoris radiata extract in rats. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2014;34(6):861–8.

Crotalaria pallida var. obovata 豬屎豆
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Nov 3]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=9075
  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 豬屎豆; p. 426–7.
  3. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p 129.
  4. Chu WL. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Discovery; 2007. p. 51.
  5. Williams MC, Molyneux RJ. Occurrence, concentration, and toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Crotalaria seeds. Weed Sci. 1987;35(4):476–81.
  6. Dharmananda S. Safety issues affecting herbs: pyrrolizidine alkaloids [Internet]. Portland: Institute for Traditional Medicine; 2001 [cited 2015 Jan 20]. Available from: http://www.itmonline.org/arts/pas.htm
  7. Wiedenfeld H. Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: toxicity and problems. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2011;28(3):282–92.
  8. Chen Z, Huo JR. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal preparations. Neth J Med. 2010;68(6):252–60.
  9. Environmental health criteria for pyrrolizidine alkaloids [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1988 [cited 2013 Jun 10]. Available from: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc080.htm
  10. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Crotalaria pallida var. obovate; p. 91.
  11. Toppel G, Witte L, Hartmann T. N-oxidation and degradation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids during germination of Crotalaria scassellatii. Phytochemistry. 1988;27(12):3757–60.
  12. Rösemann GM, Botha CJ, Eloff JN. Distinguishing between toxic and non-toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids and quantification by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phytochem Lett. 2014;8:126–31.

Crotalaria retusa 吊裙草
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Nov 3]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=3663
  2. 中國植物誌(第42卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1998. 吊裙草; p. 358.
  3. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 139–40.
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Croton tiglium 巴豆
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Cycas revoluta 蘇鐵
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Aug 3]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=9322
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D

Datura metel 洋金花
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 12]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=7076
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  14. 中華人民共和國藥典(一部). 國家藥典委員會; 北京: 中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 洋金花; p. 250.
  15. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 洋金花; p. 1719–21.
  16. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 洋金花; p. 401–2.
  17. Ng SW, Ching CK, Chan AYW, Mak TWL. Simultaneous detection of 22 toxic plant alkaloids (aconitum alkaloids, solanaceous tropane alkaloids, sophora alkaloids, strychnos alkaloids and colchicine) in human urine and herbal samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013;942–943:63–9.

Derris trifoliata 魚藤
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 13]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=6150
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  4. Chu WL. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Discovery; 2007. p. 68.
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  6. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 393–4.
  7. Wood DM, Alsahaf H, Streete P, Dargan PI, Jones AL. Fatality after deliberate ingestion of the pesticide rotenone: a case report. Crit Care. 2005;9(3):R280–4.
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  11. 陳萍花. 8例魚藤中毒患者的急救護理. 吉林醫學. 2006;27(4):438.
  12. 楊倉良主編. 毒藥本草(修訂版). 北京: 中國中醫藥出版社; 2004. p. 1055–6.
  13. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Derris trifoliate; p. 68.
  14. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 魚藤; p. 336–7.
  15. Martel AC, Zeggane S. Determination of acaricides in honey by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. J Chromatogr A. 2002;954(1–2):173–80.
  16. Ruiz I, Morales A, Barba A, Oliva J. Determination of natural pesticides in fresh fruits using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J AOAC Int. 2012;95(1):238–43.

Dianella ensifolia 山菅蘭
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Aug 3]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=11383
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  3. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 442.
  4. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 山貓兒; p. 57.
  5. 羅深秋, 俞守義主編. 南方有毒植物及其中毒的處理. 上海: 第二軍醫大學出版社; 2000. p. 283.
  6. Wang Z. Acute rodenticides in the control of rodent pest in China: a review. Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference. 1984; paper 43.
  7. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 4. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Cheung KW, Pang KS, Yip KL, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2011. Dianella ensifolia; p. 276.

Dichroa febrifuga 常山
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 13]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=3265
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  3. 中國植物誌(第35卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1995. 常山; p. 178.
  4. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 664–5.
  5. 歐明, 王寧生主編. 中藥及其製劑不良反應大典. 台北: 大展出版社; 2005. p. 227.
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  7. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Dichroa febrifuga; p. 14.
  8. 中華人民共和國藥典(一部). 國家藥典委員會;北京：中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 常山; p. 293–4.
  9. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 常山; p. 2101–2.
  10. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 常山; p. 485–7.
  11. Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. California: Art of Medicine Press; 2004. Chang Shan (Radix Dichroae); p. 1028.
  12. Luo SR, Li T, Yang JS. Determination of gelsemium alkaloids by RP-HPLC. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1993;28(9):695–8.

Dieffenbachia seguine 花葉萬年青
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 23]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=4118
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  3. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 109–22.
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  5. Nellis DW. Poisonous plants and animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Sarasota: Pineapple Press; 1997. p. 147–9.
  6. McGovern TW. Botanical briefs: dumb-cane – Dieffenbachia picta (Lodd.) Schott. Cutis. 2000;66(5):333–4.
  7. 鄭元春. 臺灣自然觀察圖鑑 (25): 有毒植物. 臺北: 渡假出版; 2002. p. 50.
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  9. Cumpston KL, Vogel SN, Leikin JB, Erickson TB. Acute airway compromise after brief exposure to a Dieffenbachia plant. J Emerg Med. 2003;25(4):391–7.
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  12. 王改欣, 王鳳秀. 花葉萬年青汁液致眼部損傷2例. 國際眼科雜誌. 2003;3(3):80.
  13. 中華人民共和國衛生部藥典委員會. 中華人民共和國藥典中藥粉末顯微鑒別彩色圖集. 趙中振主編. 偏光顯微鏡在中藥顯微鑒別上的應用. 廣州: 廣東科技出版社; 1999. p. 17–35.

Dioscorea bulbifera 黃獨
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Aug 3]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=5443
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  3. Nellis DW. Poisonous plants and animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Sarasota: Pineapple Press; 1997. p. 163–4.
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  5. Wang J, Ji L, Liu H, Wang Z. Study of the hepatotoxicity induced by Dioscorea bulbifera L. rhizome in mice. Bioscience Trends. 2010;4(2):79–85.
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  9. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 4. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Cheung KW, Pang KS, Yip KL, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2011. Dioscorea bulbifera; p. 289.
  10. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 黃藥子; p. 2059–60.
  11. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 黃藥子; p. 468–9.
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  15. Li Y, Tian Y, Gan L, Li Y, Chen B, Qiao J. Determination of diosbulbin B in rat plasma and urine by LC-MS/MS and its application in pharmacokinetic and urinary excretion studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2013;77:133–8.
  16. Xu L, Liu Y, Wang T, Qi Y, Han X, Xu Y, et al. Development and validation of a sensitive and rapid non-aqueous LC-ESI-MS/MS method for measurement of diosgenin in the plasma of normal and hyperlipidemic rats: a comparative study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2009;877(14–15):1530–6.

Duranta erecta 假連翹
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Dysphania ambrosioides 土荊芥
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=8422
  2. 中華本草(第二冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 土荊芥; p. 813–5.
  3. 中國植物誌(第25卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1979. 土荊芥; p. 82.
  4. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 204.
  5. Guyton WL. Poisoning due to oil of Chenopodium. JAMA 1946;132(6):330–1.
  6. Monzote L, Stamberg W, Staniek K, Gille L. Toxic effects of carvacrol, caryophyllene oxide, and ascaridole from essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides on mitochondria. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009;240(3):337–47.
  7. Coutant AF. Chenopodium poisoning: report of case. JAMA. 1916;LXVII(22):1599–60.
  8. Montoya-Cabrera MA, Escalante-Galindo P, Meckes-Fisher M, Sánchez-Vaca G, Flores-Alvarez E, Reynoso-García M. Fatal poisoning caused by oil of epazote, Chenopodium graveolens. Gac Med Mex. 1996;132(4):433–7.
  9. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 1. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2007. Chenopodium ambrosioides; p. 149.
  10. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 土荊芥; p. 90–1.
  11. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 土荊芥; p. 28–9.
  12. Kasali AA, Ekundayo O, Paul C, König WA, Eshilokun AO, Ige B. 1,2:3,4-Diepoxy-p-menthane and 1,4-Epoxy-p-mennth-2-ene: rare monoterpenoids from the essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. var ambrosioides leaves. J Essent Oil Res. 2006;18(1):13–5.

E

Emilia sonchifolia 一點紅
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Nov 3]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=8075
  2. 中華本草(第七冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 羊蹄草; p. 825–6.
  3. Fu PP, Yang YC, Xia Q, Chou MW, Cui YY, Lin G. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids – tumorigenic components in Chinese herbal medicines and dietary supplements. J Food Drug Anal. 2002;10(4):198–211.
  4. Cheng D, Röder E. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Emilia sonchifolia. Planta Med. 1986;(6):484–6.
  5. Environmental health criteria for pyrrolizidine alkaloids [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1988 [cited 2013 Jun 10]. Available from: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc080.htm
  6. Wiedenfeld H. Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: toxicity and problems. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2011;28(3):282–92.
  7. Chen Z, Huo JR. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal preparations. Neth J Med. 2010;68(6):252–60.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Emilia sonchifolia; p. 295.
  9. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 羊蹄草; p. 970–1.
  10. Wu JSW, Poon WT, Ma CK, Chen ML, Pang KS, Mak TWL, Chan HB. Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid exposure. Hong Kong Med J. 2013;19(6):553–5.
  11. Bicchi C, Caniato R, Tabacchi R, Tsoupras G. Capillary gas chromatography/positive and negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry on pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Senecio inaequidens using ammonia and hydroxyl ions as the reagent species. J Nat Prod. 1989;52(1):32–41.
  12. Zhou Y, Li N, Choi FFK, Qiao CF, Song JZ, Li SL, et al. A new approach for simultaneous screening and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in some potential pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta. 2010;681(1–2):33–40.

Erythrina corallodendron 龍牙花
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 July 10]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=3215
  2. 中國植物誌(第41卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1995. 龍牙花; p. 164.
  3. Coral tree (Erythrina spp.). In: O’Mahony Carey S, editor. Psychoactive substances: a guide to ethnobotanical plants and herbs, synthetic chemicals, compounds and products. South Tipperary: Health Service Executive South; 2010. p. 57.
  4. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 398.
  5. Nellis DW. Poisonous plants and animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Sarasota: Pineapple Press; 1997. p. 199.
  6. Daly JW. Nicotinic agonists, antagonists, and modulators from natural sources. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2005;25(3–4):513–52.
  7. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 123.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Erythrina corallodendron; p. 78.
  9. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編委會; 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 龍牙花; p. 469.
  10. Keller BO, Wu BTF, Li SSJ, Monga V, Innis SM. Hypaphorine is present in human milk in association with consumption of legumes. J Agric Food Chem. 2013;61(31):7654–60.

Erythrina variegata 刺桐
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 2]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=6971
  2. 中國植物誌(第41卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1995. 刺桐; p. 167.
  3. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 海桐皮; p. 469–72.
  4. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 17.
  5. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 398–401.
  6. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 123.
  7. Nellis DW. Poisonous plants and animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Sarasota: Pineapple Press; 1997. p. 199.
  8. Daly JW. Nicotinic agonists, antagonists, and modulators from natural sources. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2005;25(3–4):513–52.
  9. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 81.
  10. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Erythrina variegate; p. 78.
  11. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 海桐皮; p. 1941–2.
  12. Faria TDJ, Cafêu MC, Akiyoshi G, Ferreira DT, Galão OF, Andrei CC, et al. Alkaloids from flowers and leaves of Erythrina speciosa Andrews. Quim Nova. 2007;30(3):525–7.
  13. Keller BO, Wu BTF, Li SSJ, Monga V, Innis SM. Hypaphorine is present in human milk in association with consumption of legumes. J Agric Food Chem. 2013;61(31):7654–60.

Euphorbia antiquorum 火殃簕
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 July 13]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=4196
  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 火殃簕; p. 776–7.
  3. 中國植物誌(第44卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1997. 火殃簕; p. 62.
  4. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 311.
  5. Adolf W, Chanai S, Hecker E. 3-O-Angeloylingenol, the toxic and skin irritant factor from latex of Euphorbia anitiquorum L. (Euphorbiaceae) and from a derived Thai purgative and anthelimintic (vermifuge) drug. J Sci Soc Thailand. 1983;9:81–8.
  6. Basak SK, Bakshi PK, Basu S, Basak S. Keratouveitis caused by Euphorbia plant sap. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2009;57(4):311–3.
  7. Scott IU, Karp CL. Euphorbia sap keratopathy: four cases and a possible pathogenic mechanism. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996;80(9):823–6.
  8. Eke T, Al-Husainy S, Raynor MK. The spectrum of ocular inflammation caused by euphorbia plant sap. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118(1):13–6.
  9. 羅深秋, 俞守義主編. 南方有毒植物及其中毒的處理. 上海: 第二軍醫大學出版社; 2000. p.177.
  10. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Euphorbia antiquorum; p. 227.
  11. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 火殃簕; p. 497–8.
  12. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 火殃簕; p. 116–7.

Euphorbia hirta 飛揚草
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 July 13]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=4203
  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 大飛揚草; p. 787–8.
  3. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 124.
  4. Chu WL. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Discovery; 2007. p. 52.
  5. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 33.
  6. 羅深秋, 俞守義主編. 南方有毒植物及其中毒的處理. 上海: 第二軍醫大學出版社; 2000. p. 179–80.
  7. 莊兆祥, 李甯漢主編. 香港中草藥(第三輯). 香港: 商務印書館; 1997. p. 60–1.
  8. Basak SK, Bakshi PK, Basu S, Basak S. Keratouveitis caused by Euphorbia plant sap. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2009;57(4):311–3.
  9. Scott IU, Karp CL. Euphorbia sap keratopathy: four cases and a possible pathogenic mechanism. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996;80(9):823–6.
  10. Eke T, Al-Husainy S, Raynor MK. The spectrum of ocular inflammation caused by euphorbia plant sap. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118(1):13–6.
  11. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Euphorbia hirta; p. 228.
  12. 中華人民共和國藥典(一部). 國家藥典委員會;北京：中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 飛揚草; p. 46.
  13. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 大飛揚草; p. 138–9.

Euphorbia milii 鐵海棠
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 13]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=4204
  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 鐵海棠; p. 804–5.
  3. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 61.
  4. Nellis DW. Poisonous plants and animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Sarasota: Pineapple Press; 1997. p. 169.
  5. Dias-Baruffi M, Sakamoto M, Rossetto S, Vozári-Hampe MM, Roque-Barreira MC. Neutrophil migration and aggregation induced by euphorbin, a lectin from the latex of Euphorbia milii, var. milii. Inflamm Res. 2000;49(12):732–6.
  6. Dictionary of plant toxins. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 1998. Milliamine; p. 258.
  7. International poisonous plants checklist: an evidence-based reference. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2008. p. 153.
  8. 楊倉良主編. 毒藥本草. 北京: 中國中醫藥出版社; 1998. p. 106–8.
  9. Eke T, Al-Husainy S, Raynor MK. The spectrum of ocular inflammation caused by euphorbia plant sap. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118(1):13–6.
  10. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Euphorbia milii; p. 227.
  11. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 鐵海棠; p. 1861–2
  12. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 鐵海棠; p. 432–3.
  13. Vogg G, Achatz S, Kettrup A, Sandermann H Jr. Fast, sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination of tumor-promoting diterpene esters. J Chromatogr A. 1999;855(2):563–73.

Euphorbia pulcherrima 一品紅
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 14]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=5207
  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 一品紅; p. 810.
  3. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 34.
  4. 鄭元春. 臺灣自然觀察圖鑑(25): 有毒植物. 臺北: 渡假出版; 2002. p. 97.
  5. Krenzelok EP, Jacobsen TD, Aronis JM. Poinsettia exposures have good outcomes…just as we thought. Am J Emerg Med. 1996;14(7):671–4.
  6. McKinney P, Cumpston K, editors. Poisonous plants: a handbook for doctors, pharmacists, toxicologists, biologists and veterinarians. 2nd ed. Portland: Timber Press; 2005. p. 192–3.
  7. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Euphorbia pulcherrima; p. 227.

Euphorbia tirucalli 綠玉樹
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 July 13]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=5210
  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 綠玉樹; p. 813–4.
  3. 中國植物誌(第44卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1997. 綠玉樹; p. 58.
  4. Nellis DW. Poisonous plants and animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Sarasota: Pineapple Press; 1997. p. 171–3.
  5. Kinghorn AD. Characterization of an irritant 4-deoxyphorbol diester from Euphorbia tirucalli. J Nat Prod. 1979;42(1):112–5.
  6. Fürstenberger G, Hecker E. On the active principles of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). XI. [1] The skin irritant and tumor promoting diterpene esters of Euphorbia tirucalli L. originating from South Africa. Z Naturforsch C. 1985;40(9–10):631–46.
  7. Fürstenberger G, Hecker E. New highly irritant euphorbia factors from latex of Euphorbia tirucalli L. Experientia. 1977;33(8):986–8.
  8. MacNeil A, Sumba OP, Lutzke ML, Moormann A, Rochford R. Activation of the Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle by the latex of the plant Euphorbia tirucalli. Br J Cancer. 2003;88(10):1566–9.
  9. Osato T, Mizuno F, Imai S, Aya T, Koizumi S, Kinoshita T, et al. African Burkitt's lymphoma and an Epstein-Barr virus-enhancing plant Euphorbia tirucalli. Lancet. 1987;1(8544):1257–8.
  10. Maeda E, Akahane M, Kiryu S, Kato N, Yoshikawa T, Hayashi N, et al. Spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases: a pictorial review. Jpn J Radiol. 2009;27(1):4–19.
  11. Mannucci S, Luzzi A, Carugi A, Gozzetti A, Lazzi S, Malagnino V, et al. EBV reactivation and chromosomal polysomies: Euphorbia tirucalli as a possible cofactor in endemic Burkitt lymphoma. Adv Hematol. 2012;2012:149780.
  12. Imai S, Sugiura M, Mizuno F, Ohigashi H, Koshimizu K, Chiba S, et al. African Burkitt's lymphoma: a plant, Euphorbia tirucalli, reduces Epstein-Barr virus-specific cellular immunity. Anticancer Res. 1994;14(3A):933–6.
  13. Desatnik H, Ashkenazi I, Avni I, Abraham F, Blumenthal M. Acute conjunctivokeratouveitis caused by latex from the pencil tree. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;112(4):464–6.
  14. Scott IU, Karp CL. Euphorbia sap keratopathy: four cases and a possible pathogenic mechanism. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996;80(9):823–6.
  15. Hsueh KF, Lin PY, Lee SM, Hsieh CF. Ocular injuries from plant sap of genera Euphorbia and Dieffenbachia. J Chin Med Assoc. 2004;67(2):93–8.
  16. Shlamovitz GZ, Gupta M, Diaz JA. A case of acute keratoconjunctivitis from exposure to latex of Euphorbia tirucalli (pencil cactus). J Emerg Med. 2009;36(3):239–41.
  17. van den Bosch CA. Is endemic Burkitt's lymphoma an alliance between three infections and a tumour promoter? Lancet Oncol. 2004;5(12):738–46.
  18. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Euphorbia tirucalli; p. 227.
  19. Vogg G, Achatz S, Kettrup A, Sandermann H Jr. Fast, sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination of tumor-promoting diterpene esters. J Chromatogr A. 1999;855(2):563–73.

Excoecaria agallocha 海漆
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 July 13]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=5211
  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 海漆; p. 815–6.
  3. Ohigashi H, Katsumata H, Kawazu K, Koshimizu K, Mitsui T. A piscicidal constituent of Excoecaria agallocha. Agr Biol Chem. 1974;38(5):1093–5.
  4. Karalai C, Wiriyachitra P, Opferkuch HJ, Hecker E. Cryptic and free skin irritants of the daphnane and tigliane types in latex of Excoecaria agallocha. Planta Med. 1994;60(4):351–5.
  5. Wiriyachitra P, Hajiwangoh H, Boonton P, Adolf W, Opferkuch HJ, Hecker E. Investigations of medicinal plants of Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae occurring and used in Thailand; II. Cryptic irritants of the diterpene ester type from three Excoecaria species. Planta Med. 1985;51(5):368–71.
  6. Konishi T, Konoshima T, Fujiwara Y, Kiyosawa S. Excoecarins D, E, and K, from Excoecaria agallocha. J Nat Prod. 2000;63(3):344–6.
  7. 羅深秋, 俞守義主編. 南方有毒植物及其中毒的處理. 上海: 第二軍醫大學出版社; 2000. p. 181–2.
  8. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 36.
  9. Kumarasinghe SPW, Seneviratne R. Skin and eye injury due to latex of Excoecaria agallocha. Australas J Dermatol. 1998;39(4):275–6.
  10. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Excoecaria agallocha; p. 236.

F

Farfugium japonicum 大吳風草
  1. 中華本草(第七冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 蓮蓬草; p. 842–3.
  2. Environmental health criteria for pyrrolizidine alkaloids [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1988 [cited 2013 Jun 10]. Available from: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc080.htm
  3. Roeder E. Medicinal plants in China containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Pharmazie. 2000;55(10):711–26.
  4. Hirono I, Ueno I, Aiso S, Yamaji T, Haga M. Carcinogenic activity of Farfugium japonicum and Senecio cannabifolius. Cancer Lett. 1983;20(2):191–8.
  5. Niwa H., Ishiwata H., Yamada K. Isolation of petasitenine, a carcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Farfugium japonicum. J Nat Prod. 1985;48(6):1003–4.
  6. Wiedenfeld H. Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: toxicity and problems. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2011;28(3):282–92.
  7. Chen Z, Huo JR. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal preparations. Neth J Med. 2010;68(6):252–60.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Farfugium japonicum; p. 293.
  9. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 蓮蓬草; p. 1806–7.
  10. Bicchi C, Caniato R, Tabacchi R, Tsoupras G. Capillary gas chromatography/positive and negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry on pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Senecio inaequidens using ammonia and hydroxyl ions as the reagent species. J Nat Prod. 1989;52(1):32–41.
  11. Marín-Loaiza JC, Ernst L, Beuerle T, Theuring C, Céspedes CL, Hartmann T. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of the endemic Mexican genus Pittocaulon and assignment of stereoisomeric 1,2-saturated necine bases. Phytochemistry. 2008;69(1):154–67.
  12. Aydın AA, Letzel T. Simultaneous investigation of sesquiterpenes, pyrrolizidine alkaloids and N-oxides in Butterbur (Petasites hybridus) with an offline 2D-combination of HPLC-UV and LC-MMI-ToF-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2013;85:74–82.
  13. Zhou Y, Li N, Choi FFK, Qiao CF, Song JZ, Li SL, et al. A new approach for simultaneous screening and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in some potential pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta. 2010;681(1–2):33–40.

G

Gelsemium elegans 鈎吻
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Nov 4]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=6504
  2. 中國植物誌(第61卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1992. 鈎吻; p. 251.
  3. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 52.
  4. Lai CK, Chan YW. Confirmation of gelsemium poisoning by targeted analysis of toxic gelsemium alkaloids in urine. J Anal Toxicol. 2009;33(1):56–61.
  5. Nellis DW. Poisonous plants and animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Sarasota: Pineapple Press; 1997. p. 209.
  6. Zhang Z, Wang P, Yuan W, Li S. Steroids, alkaloids, and coumarins from Gelsemium sempervirens. Planta Med. 2008;74(15):1818–22.
  7. Chirumbolo S. Gelsemine and Gelsemium sempervirens L. extracts in animal behavioral test: comments and related biases. Front Neurol. 2011;2:31.
  8. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 168–9.
  9. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Gelsemium elegans; p. 13.
  10. 中華本草(第六冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編委會; 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 鈎吻; p. 213–6.
  11. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 鈎吻; p. 1666–7.
  12. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 鈎吻; p. 387–8.
  13. Luo SR, Li T, Yang JS. Determination of gelsemium alkaloids by RP-HPLC. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1993;28(9):695–8 (in Chinese).
  14. Zhang CS, Zheng H, Liu KL, He Y, Chang J. Determination of gelsemine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chinese Mass Spectrom Soc. 2004; 25:172–4.

Gelsemium sempervirens 金鈎吻
  1. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 168–9.
  2. Nellis DW. Poisonous plants and animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Sarasota: Pineapple Press; 1997. p. 209.
  3. Zhang Z, Wang P, Yuan W, Li S. Steroids, alkaloids, and coumarins from Gelsemium sempervirens. Planta Med. 2008;74(15):1818–22.
  4. Dutt V, Thakur S, Dhar VJ, Sharma A. The genus Gelsemium: An update. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010; 4(8):185–94.
  5. Chirumbolo S. Gelsemine and Gelsemium sempervirens L. extracts in animal behavioral test: comments and related biases. Front Neurol. 2011;2:31.
  6. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 52.
  7. Lai CK, Chan YW. Confirmation of gelsemium poisoning by targeted analysis of toxic gelsemium alkaloids in urine. J Anal Toxicol. 2009;33(1):56–61.
  8. New South Wales Flora Online [Internet]. New South Wales: National Herbarium of NSW; 1992 [cited 2014 Aug 20]. Available from: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgibin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Gelsemium~sempervirens
  9. Luo SR, Li T, Yang JS. Determination of gelsemium alkaloids by RP-HPLC. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1993;28(9):695–8 (in Chinese).
  10. Zhang CS, Zheng H, Liu KL, He Y, Chang J. Determination of gelsemine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chinese Mass Spectrom Soc. 2004; 25:172–4.

Ginkgo biloba 銀杏
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Aug 3]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=9328
  2. 中華本草(第二冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 白果; p. 276–88.
  3. 中國植物誌(第7卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1978. 銀杏; p. 18.
  4. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 169–70.
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  6. Kajiyama Y, Fujii K, Takeuchi H, Manabe Y. Ginkgo seed poisoning. Pediatrics. 2002;109(2):325–7.
  7. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 338.
  8. 胡國強, 馮群星, 許讓賢. 急性白果中毒25例臨床分析. 臨床急診雜誌. 2006;7(3):133–4.
  9. 劉鳳平. 兒童白果中毒20例的急救護理. 中國鄉村醫藥. 2011;18(1):67.
  10. 孟學龍, 李久林, 丁晨. 食用白果中毒死亡1例. 法醫學雜誌. 2009:25(3):234–5.
  11. 田淑容. 急性白果中毒66例臨床治療分析. 中國社區醫師. 2009;25(12):30.
  12. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 1. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2007. Ginkgo biloba; p. 2.
  13. 中華人民共和國藥典(一部). 國家藥典委員會;北京：中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 白果; p. 100. 銀杏葉; p. 296.
  14. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 白果; p. 174–5.
  15. Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. California: Art of Medicine Press; 2004. Bai Guo (Semen Ginkgo); p. 737.
  16. van Beek TA, Montoro P. Chemical analysis and quality control of Ginkgo biloba leaves, extracts, and phytopharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr A. 2009;1216(11):2002–32.

Gloriosa superba 嘉蘭
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 26]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=5573
  2. Lucas GN. Plant poisoning in Sri Lankan children: a hospital based prospective study. Sri Lanka J Child Health. 2006;35:111–24.
  3. Mendis S. Colchicine cardiotoxicity following ingestion of Gloriosa superba tubers. Postgrad Med J. 1989;65(768):752–5.
  4. Samanta AK, Kumar K U. Poisoning by glory lily – a case report. JIAFM. 2005; 27(3):188–9.
  5. 羅深秋, 俞守義主編. 南方有毒植物及其中毒的處理. 上海: 第二軍醫大學出版社; 2000. p. 285.
  6. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 442–3.
  7. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 171.
  8. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 99.
  9. Nellis DW. Poisonous plants and animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Sarasota: Pineapple Press; 1997. p. 207–9.
  10. Ade R, Rai MK. Review: Current advances in Gloriosa superba L. Biodiversitas. 2009;10(4):210–4.
  11. Finkelstein Y, Aks SE, Hutson JR, Juurlink DN, Nguyen P, Dubnov-Raz G, et al. Colchicine poisoning: the dark side of an ancient drug. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2010;48(5):407–14.
  12. 鄭元春. 臺灣自然觀察圖鑑(25): 有毒植物. 臺北: 渡假出版; 2002. p. 138.
  13. Takuma N, Arao M, Furuta K, Asaoka F, Kawada T, Fukunaga K. Food poisoning case by Gloriosa - analysis of colchicine by LC/MS/MS. Rep Pub Hlth Kochi. 2008;54:41–5.
  14. Flora of China, Vol. 24. Editorial Committee of the Flora of China. Beijing: Science Press; 2000. Gloriosa superba; p. 158–9.
  15. Ravindra A, Mahendra K R. Review: Current Advances in Gloriosa superba L. Biodiversitas. 2009;10(4):210–4.
  16. Maroyi A, van der Maesen LJG. Review: Gloriosa superba L. (family Colchicaceae): remedy or poison? J Med Plant Res 2011;5(26):6112–21.
  17. Fernandez P, Bermejo AM, Tabernero MJ, López-Rivadulla M, Cruz A. Determination of colchicine in biological fluids by reverse-phase HPLC. Variation of colchicine levels in rats. Forensic Sci Int. 1993;59(1):15–8.
  18. Clevenger CV, August TF, Shaw LM. Colchicine poisoning: report of a fatal case with body fluid analysis by GC/MS and histopathologic examination of postmortem tissues. J Anal Toxicol. 1991;15(3):151–4.
  19. Chèze M, Deveaux M, Pépin G. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of colchicine in postmortem body fluids. Case report of two fatalities and review of the literature. J Anal Toxicol. 2006;30(8):593–8.

Grevillea robusta 銀樺
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 2]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=7636
  2. Johnson A, Johnson S. Garden plants poisonous to people. Primefacts 359. State of New South Wales: NSW Department of Primary Industries; 2006.
  3. Maroyi A. Garden Plants in Zimbabwe: their ethnomedicinal uses and reported toxicity. Ethnobotany Research & Applications. 2012;10: 45–57.
  4. Derraik JGB, Rademaker M. Allergic contact dermatitis from exposure to Grevillea robusta in New Zealand. Australas J Dermatol. 2009;50(2):125–8.
  5. Cook DK, Freeman S. Allergic contact dermatitis to multiple sawdust allergens. Australas J Dermatol. 1997;38(2):77–9.
  6. Hoffman TE, Hausen BM, Adams RM. Allergic contact dermatitis to "silver oak" wooden arm bracelets. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1985;13(5 Pt 1):778–9.
  7. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Grevillea robusta; p. 120.
  8. Amico V, Biondi D. Three acetogenins from the brown alga Caulocystis cephalornithos. J Nat Prod. 1990;53(5):1379–82.

Gynura divaricata 白子菜
  1. 中華本草(第七冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 白背三七; p. 854.
  2. Roeder E. Medicinal plants in China containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Pharmazie. 2000;55(10):711–26.
  3. 李麗梅, 張涵慶, 呂寒, 李維林, 徐德然, 郭巧生. 白背三七葉中吡咯里西啶生物鹼的LC-MSn檢測. 植物資源與環境學報. 2008;17(2):79–80.
  4. Environmental health criteria for pyrrolizidine alkaloids [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1988 [cited 2013 Jun 10]. Available from: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc080.htm
  5. Wiedenfeld H. Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: toxicity and problems. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2011;28(3):282–92.
  6. Chen Z, Huo JR. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal preparations. Neth J Med. 2010;68(6):252–60.
  7. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Gynura divaricata; p. 296.
  8. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 白背三七; p. 749.
  9. Bicchi C, Caniato R, Tabacchi R, Tsoupras G. Capillary gas chromatography/positive and negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry on pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Senecio inaequidens using ammonia and hydroxyl ions as the reagent species. J Nat Prod. 1989;52(1):32–41.
  10. Cheng D, Kirk H, Mulder PPJ, Vrieling K, Klinkhamer PGL. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid variation in shoots and roots of segregating hybrids between Jacobaea vulgaris and Jacobaea aquatica. New Phytol. 2011;192(4):1010–23.

H

Hedera helix 洋常春藤
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 July 13]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=5410
  2. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 11.
  3. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 173–4.
  4. Jones JM, White IR, White JM, McFadden JP. Allergic contact dermatitis to English ivy (Hedera helix) – a case series. Contact Dermatitis. 2009;60(3):179–80.
  5. Paulsen E, Christensen LP, Andersen KE. Dermatitis from common ivy (Hedera helix L. subsp. helix) in Europe: past, present, and future. Contact Dermatitis. 2010;62(4):201–9.
  6. Hafejee A, Williams JD, Rowan MG, Lovell CR, Hausen BM, Beck MH. Allergic contact dermatitis to English ivy (Hedera helix). Contact Dermatitis. 2008;58(suppl.1):19.
  7. Thormann H, Paulsen E. Contact urticaria to common ivy (Hedera helix cv. 'Hester') with concomitant immediate sensitivity to the labiate family (Lamiaceae) in a Danish gardener. Contact Dermatitis. 2008;59(3):179–80.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Hedera helix; p. 293.
  9. Gaillard Y, Blaise P, Darré A, Barbier T, Pépin G. An unusual case of death: suffocation caused by leaves of common Ivy (Hedera helix). Detection of hederacoside C, α-hederin, and hederagenin by LC-EI/MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol. 2003;27(4):257–62.

Heliotropium indicum 大尾搖
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Nov 3]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=4537
  2. 中華本草(第六冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 大尾搖; p. 539–40.
  3. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 175.
  4. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 375.
  5. Jiang Y, Fu PP, Lin G. Hepatotoxicity of naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Asian J Pharmacodyn Pharmacokinet. 2006;6(3):187–92.
  6. Aniszewski T. Alkaloids – secrets of life: alkaloid chemistry, biological significance, applications and ecological role. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2007. p. 28.
  7. Environmental health criteria for pyrrolizidine alkaloids [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1988 [cited 2013 Jun 10]. Available from: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc080.htm
  8. Wiedenfeld H. Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: toxicity and problems. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2011;28(3):282–92.
  9. Chen Z, Huo JR. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease associated with toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal preparations. Neth J Med. 2010;68(6):252–60.
  10. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Heliotropium indicum; p. 77.
  11. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 大尾搖; p. 125–6.
  12. Witte L, Rubiolo P, Bicchi C, Hartmann T. Comparative analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from natural sources by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phytochemistry. 1993;32(1): 187–96.
  13. Ogihara K, Miyagi Y, Higa M, Yogi S. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Messerschmidia argentea. Phytochemistry. 1997;44(3):545–7.
  14. Beales KA, Betteridge K, Colegate SM, Edgar JA. Solid-phase extraction and LC-MS analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honeys. J Agric Food Chem. 2004;52(21):6664–72.

Hyacinthus orientalis 風信子
  1. International poisonous plants checklist: an evidence-based reference. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2008. p. 195–6.
  2. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 87.
  3. Bruynzeel DP. Bulb dermatitis – dermatological problems in the flower bulb industries. Contact Dermatitis. 1997;37(2):70–7.
  4. Bruynzeel DP, de Boer EM, Brouwer EJ, de Wolff FA, de Haan P. Dermatitis in bulb growers. Contact Dermatitis. 1993;29(1):11–5.
  5. Muñoz D, Urrutia I, Leanizbarrutia I, Fernández de Corrés L. Contact dermatitis from plants in a geriatric nurse. Contact Dermatitis. 1989;20(3):227–8.
  6. Larson JL, Clark RF. Plant toxins in the tropics. In: Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF, editors. Tropical infectious diseases: principles, pathogens and practice. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2011. p. 102–19.
  7. Interactive Flora of NW Europe Database [Internet] Netherlands: Netherlands Biodiversity Information Facility; 2005 [cited 2014 Aug 20]. Available from: http://wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=4765
  8. 中華人民共和國衛生部藥典委員會. 中華人民共和國藥典中藥粉末顯微鑒別彩色圖集. 趙中振主編. 偏光顯微鏡在中藥顯微鑒別上的應用. 廣州: 廣東科技出版社; 1999. p. 17–35.

Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus 泰國大風子
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  3. 中華本草(第五冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 大風子; p. 447–50.
  4. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 335–6.
  5. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 大風子; p. 118–9.
  6. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 大風子; p. 35–6.
  7. Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. California: Art of Medicine Press; 2004. Da Feng Zi (Semen Hydnocarpi); p. 1061.

Hydrangea macrophylla 繡球
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Nov 10]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=5156
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  3. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 72.
  4. De Rooij J, Bruynzeel DP, Rustemeyer T. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from hydrangea. Contact Dermatitis. 2006;54(1):65–66.
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  7. Rademaker M. Occupational contact dermatitis to hydrangea. Australas J Dermatol. 2003;44(3):220–1.
  8. Satake M. Safety information of healthy food used in Japan. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2010;51(6):408–14 (In Japanese).
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  10. Çitoğlu Saltan G, Bahadir Ö, Dall’ Acqua S. Dihydroisocoumarin derivatives isolated from the roots of Scorzonera latifolia. Turk J Pharm Sci. 2010;7(3):205–12.

Hymenocallis littoralis 水鬼蕉
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  3. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 29.
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  6. Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Rodríguez JA, Loyola JI, Astudillo L, Bastida J, Viladomat F, et al. Activity of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids on the blood pressure of normotensive rats. Pharm Pharmacol Commun. 2000;6(7):309–12.
  7. TOXBASE [Internet]. United Kingdom: TOXBASE, National Poisons Information Service; 1983 [updated 2012 Mar; cited 2015 Oct 19]. Available from: http://www.toxbase.org/Poisons-Index-A-Z/N-Products/Narcissus/
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  9. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 水鬼蕉葉; p. 547–8.
  10. Chun J-H, Jang IH, Arasu MV, Ai-Dhabi NA, Duraipandiyan V, Lee D-H, et al. Isolation and identification of alkaloids and anthocyanins from flower and bulb of Lycoris radiata using HPLC and LC-ESI-MS. J Agric Chem Environ. 2013;2(1):22–6.
  11. de Andrade JP, Pigni NB, Torras-Claveria L, Berkov S, Codina C, Viladomat F, et al. Bioactive alkaloid extracts from Narcissus broussonetii: mass spectral studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2012;70:13–25.
  12. Tian Y, Zhang C, Guo M. Comparative analysis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from three Lycoris species. Molecules. 2015;20:21854–69.

I

Ipomoea cairica五爪金龍
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  4. 莊兆祥, 李甯漢主編. 香港中草藥 (第五輯). 香港: 商務印書館; 1999. p. 132.
  5. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Ipomoea cairica; p. 63.
  6. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 五爪龍; p. 378–9.
  7. Liptak A, Chari VM, Kreil B, Wagner H. Structure proof of muricatin B: 11-hydroxy hexadecanoic acid dirhamnoside. Phytochemistry. 1978;17(5):997–9.

Ipomoea nil牽牛
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  2. 中國植物誌(第64卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1979. 牽牛; p. 103.
  3. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 52.
  4. 鄭元春. 臺灣自然觀察圖鑑(25): 有毒植物. 臺北: 渡假出版; 2002. p. 75.
  5. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 237.
  6. 中華本草(第六冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 牽牛子; p. 518–22.
  7. The encyclopedia of psychoactive plants: Ethnopharmacology and its applications. Rochester: Park Street Press; 2005. Ipomoea nil; p. 304.
  8. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 150, 263–4.
  9. Ma C, Bi K, Zhang M, Su D, Fan X, Ji W, et al. Metabonomic study of biochemical changes in the urine of Morning Glory seed treated rat. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2010;53(3):559–66.
  10. Ma C, Bi K, Zhang M, Su D, Fan X, Ji W, et al. Toxicology effects of Morning Glory seed in rat: a metabonomic method for profiling of urine metabolic changes. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;130(1):134–42.
  11. 莊兆祥, 李甯漢主編. 香港中草藥(第五輯). 香港: 商務印書館; 1999. p. 136.
  12. 徐靜淑. 牽牛子中毒一例. 中國基層醫學. 1994;4:108–9.
  13. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Ipomoea nil; p. 67.
  14. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 牽牛子; p. 1626–7.
  15. Sulyok M, Krska R, Schuhmacher R. A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric multi-mycotoxin method for the quantification of 87 analytes and its application to semi-quantitative screening of moldy food samples. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2007;389(5):1505–23.

J

Jatropha curcas麻瘋樹
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  3. 中國植物誌(第44卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1996. 麻瘋樹; p. 148.
  4. 莊兆祥, 李甯漢主編. 香港中草藥(第三輯). 香港: 商務印書館; 1997. p. 70.
  5. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 151.
  6. 羅深秋, 俞守義主編. 南方有毒植物及其中毒的處理. 上海: 第二軍醫大學出版社; 2000. p. 185.
  7. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 190–2.
  8. 楊來益, 洪義海, 黃行魁, 宋孟冰, 張平. 誤食麻瘋果致急性中毒86例調查報告. 中國校醫. 2001;15(2):132–3.
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  10. Koh HL, Chua TK, Tan CH. A guide to medicinal plants: an illustrated, scientific and medicinal approach. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing; 2010. p. 81–2.
  11. Joubert PH, Brown JM, Hay IT, Sebata PD. Acute poisoning with Jatropha curcas (purging nut tree) in children. S Afr Med J. 1984;65(18):729–30.
  12. 譚逢枚. 阿托品搶救重症麻瘋樹果中毒4例. 廣東醫學院學報. 1998;16(3):277–8.
  13. 蔡茂文, 寧南. 學齡前兒童麻瘋樹果仁中毒19例分析. 內科急危重症雜誌. 2007;13(4):158.
  14. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Jatropha curcas; p. 197.
  15. Vogg G, Achatz S, Kettrup A, Sandermann H Jr. Fast, sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination of tumor-promoting diterpene esters. J Chromatogr A. 1999;855(2):563–73.

Jatropha multifida 珊瑚花
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  4. Adolf W, Opferkuch HJ, Hecker E. Irritant phorbol derivatives from four Jatropha species. Phytochemistry. 1984;23(1):129–32.
  5. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 151.
  6. Levin Y, Sherer Y, Bibi H, Schlesinger M, Hay E. Rare Jatropha multifida intoxication in two children. J Emerg Med. 2000;19(2):173–5.
  7. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Jatropha multifida; p. 198.
  8. Labadie RP, van der Nat JM, Simons JM, Kroes BH, Kosasi S, van den Berg AJ, et al. An ethnopharmacognostic approach to the search for immunomodulators of plant origin. Planta Med. 1989;55(4):339–48.
  9. Vogg G, Achatz S, Kettrup A, Sandermann H. Fast, sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination of tumor-promoting diterpene esters. J Chromatogr A. 1999;855(2):563–73.

Jatropha podagrica 佛肚樹
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 July 15]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=5711
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  4. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 190–2.
  5. Adolf W, Opferkuch HJ, Hecker E. Irritant phorbol derivatives from four Jatropha species. Phytochemistry. 1984;23(1):129–32.
  6. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 151.
  7. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Jatropha podagrica; p. 197.
  8. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編委會; 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 佛肚樹; p. 826.
  9. Vogg G, Achatz S, Kettrup A, Sandermann H. Fast, sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination of tumor-promoting diterpene esters. J Chromatogr A. 1999;855(2):563–73.

L

Lantana camara 馬纓丹
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  3. 中國植物誌(第65卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1982. 馬纓丹; p. 17.
  4. Chu WL. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Discovery; 2007. p. 41.
  5. Sharma OP, Sharma S, Pattabhi V, Mahato SB, & Sharma PD. A review of the hepatotoxic plant Lantana camara. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2007;37(4):313–52.
  6. Ghisalberti EL. Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae). Fitoterapia. 2000;71(5):467–86.
  7. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 197–8.
  8. Wolfson SL, Solomons TW. Poisoning by fruit of Lantana camara; an acute syndrome observed in children following ingestion of the green fruit. Am J Dis Child. 1964;107:173–6.
  9. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Lantana camara; p. 84.
  10. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 五色梅; p. 383–4.
  11. Sharma OP, Sharma S, Dawra RK. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and quantification of lantadenes using isocratic systems. J Chromatogr A. 1997;786:181–4.

Leonurus japonicus 益母草
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Aug 4]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=4406
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  3. 楊倉良主編. 毒藥本草(修訂版). 北京: 中國中醫藥出版社; 2004. p. 627.
  4. 劉建華. 益母草中毒致血尿的辨証治療例析. 實用中醫內科雜誌. 2002;16(3):166.
  5. 黃偉, 孫蓉. 益母草醇提組分致大鼠腎毒性病理損傷機制研究. 中國實驗方劑學雜誌. 2010;16(9):111–4.
  6. 于華芸, 季旭明. 益母草的毒性毒理研究概況. 湖南中醫雜誌. 2008;24(2):112–3.
  7. 張耀庭. 中西醫結合治療益母草中毒18例報導. 黑龍江中醫藥. 1999;6:44.
  8. 俞捷, 王璟, 趙榮華, 包照日格圖, 蔡少青. 益母草腎臟不良反應研究進展. 中國中藥雜誌. 2010;35(9):1213–6.
  9. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Leonurus japonicus; p. 118.
  10. 中華人民共和國藥典(一部). 國家藥典委員會;北京：中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 益母草; p. 272–3.
  11. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 益母草; p. 1954–6.
  12. Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. California: Art of Medicine Press; 2004. Yi Mu Cao (Herba Leonuri); p. 645.

Leucaena leucocephala 銀合歡
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  6. Dictionary of plant toxins. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 1998. L-Mimosine; p. 258.
  7. Krude T. Mimosine arrests proliferating human cells before onset of DNA replication in a dose-dependent manner. Exp Cell Res. 1999;247(1):148–59.
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  9. Clement BA, Goff CM, Forbes TDA. Toxic amines and alkaloids from Acacia berlandieri. Phytochemistry. 1997; 46(2):249–54.
  10. Champanerkar PA, Vaidya VV, Shailajan S, Menon SN. A sensitive, rapid and validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method for determination of Mimosine in Mimosa pudica Linn. Nat Sci. 2010;2(7):713–7.

Lobelia chinensis 半邊蓮
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  7. Damaj MI, Patrick GS, Creasy KR, Martin BR. Pharmacology of lobeline, a nicotinic receptor ligand. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997;282(1):410–9.
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  12. 中華人民共和國藥典(一部). 國家藥典委員會;北京：中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 半邊蓮; p. 109.
  13. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 半邊蓮; p. 780–1.
  14. Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. California: Art of Medicine Press; 2004. Ban Bian Lian (Herba Lobeliae Chinensis); p. 192–3.
  15. Yonemitsu H, Shimomura K, Satake M, Mochida S, Tanaka M, Endo T, et al. Lobeline production by hairy root culture of Lobelia inflata L. Plant Cell Rep. 1990;9(6):307–10.
  16. Villegas A, Espinoza J, Urzúa A. Piperidine alkaloids from Lobelia polyphylla Hook. & Arn. (Campanulaceae). BLACPMA. 2014;13(2):205–12.
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Lophophora williamsii 烏羽玉
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Lycoris aurea 忽地笑
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  8. Kretzing S, Abraham G, Seiwert B, Ungemach FR, Krügel U, Regenthal R. Dose-dependent emetic effects of the Amaryllidaceous alkaloid lycorine in beagle dogs. Toxicon. 2011;57(1):117–24.
  9. Villarroya M, García AG, Marco-Contelles J, López MG. An update on the pharmacology of galantamine. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007;16(12):1987–98.
  10. 羅深秋, 俞守義主編. 南方有毒植物及其中毒的處理. 上海: 第二軍醫大學出版社; 2000. p. 309.
  11. Flora of China, Vol. 24. Editorial Committee of the Flora of China. Beijing: Science Press; 2000. Lycoris aurea; p. 267.
  12. 中華本草(第八冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編委會; 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 鐵色箭; p. 206–7.
  13. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 大一枝箭; p. 136–7.
  14. Chun J-H, Jang IH, Arasu MV, Ai-Dhabi NA, Duraipandiyan V, Lee D-H, et al. Isolation and identification of alkaloids and anthocyanins from flower and bulb of Lycoris radiata using HPLC and LC-ESI-MS. J Agric Chem Environ. 2013;2(1):22–6.
  15. Tian Y, Zhang C, Guo M. Comparative analysis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from three Lycoris species. Molecules. 2015;20:21854–69.
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M

Manihot esculenta 木薯
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  9. Sornyotha S, Kyu KL, Ratanakhanokchai K. Purification and detection of linamarin from cassava root cortex by high performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem. 2007;104(4):1750–4.

Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana 白千層
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  5. 鄭元春. 臺灣自然觀察圖鑑(25): 有毒植物. 臺北: 渡假出版; 2002. p. 147.
  6. Jacobs MR, Hornfeldt CS. Melaleuca oil poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1994;32(4):461–4.
  7. Morris MC, Donoghue A, Markowitz JA, Osterhoudt KC. Ingestion of tea tree oil (Melaleuca oil) by a 4-year-old boy. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2003;19(3):169–71.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Melaleuca cajuputi subsp. cumingiana; p. 140.
  9. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 白千層; p. 696–7.
  10. Chericoni S, Flamini G, Campeol E, Cioni PL, Morelli I. GC-MS analyses of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Artemisia verlotiorum: variability during the year. Biochem Syst Ecol. 2004;32(4):423–9.

Melia azedarach 楝
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  2. 中華本草(第五冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 苦楝皮; p. 33–8.
  3. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 131.
  4. Phua DH, Tsai WJ, Ger J, Deng JF, Yang CC. Human Melia azedarach poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008;46(10):1067–70.
  5. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 494–6.
  6. 中藥及其製劑不良反應大典. 歐明, 王寧生主編. 台北: 大展出版社; 2005. p. 166–7.
  7. Oelrichs PB, Hill MW, Vallely PJ, Macleod JK, Molinski TF. Toxic tetranortriterpenes of the fruit of Melia azedarach. Phytochemistry. 1983;22(2):531–4.
  8. Kiat TK. Melia azedarach poisoning. Singapore Med J. 1969;10(1):24–8.
  9. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Melia azedarach; p. 271.
  10. 中華人民共和國藥典（一部）. 國家藥典委員會;北京：中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 苦楝皮; p. 189.
  11. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 苦楝皮; p. 296-8.
  12. Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. California: Art of Medicine Press; 2004. Ku Lian Pi (Cortex Meliae); p. 543–4.
  13. Meng X, Peng J, Chen Y. Determination of toosendanin extracted from traditional Chinese medicine: the fruit of Melia azedarach LC-FD detection. Chromatographia. 2009;70(3–4):609–11.
  14. Ong ES, Ong CN. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of toosendanin in Melia toosendan Sieb. Et Zucc (Meliaceae) with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2007;21(4):589–98.
  15. Forim MR, Cornélio VE, da Silva MF, Rodrigues-Filho E, Fernandes JB, Vieira PC, et al. Chemical Characterization of Azadirachta indica grafted on Melia azedarach and analyses of azadirachtin by HPLC-MS-MS (SRM) and meliatoxins by MALDI-MS. Phytochem Anal. 2010;21(4):363–73.

Mimosa pudica 含羞草
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  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 含羞草; p. 573–5.
  3. 中國植物誌(第39卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1988. 含羞草; p. 16.
  4. Dictionary of plant toxins. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 1998. L-Mimosine; p. 258.
  5. Krude T. Mimosine arrests proliferating human cells before onset of DNA replication in a dose-dependent manner. Exp Cell Res. 1999;247(1):148–59.
  6. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Mimosa pudica; p. 43.
  7. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 含羞草; p. 1147–8.
  8. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 含羞草; p. 275–6.
  9. Clement BA, Goff CM, Forbes TDA. Toxic amines and alkaloids from Acacia berlandieri. Phytochemistry. 1997;46(2):249–54.
  10. Champanerkar PA, Vaidya VV, Shailajan S, Menon SN. A sensitive, rapid and validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method for determination of Mimosine in Mimosa pudica Linn. Nat Sci. 2010;2(7):713–7.

Mirabilis jalapa 紫茉莉
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  4. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 531.
  5. 李光喜, 楊培全. 紫茉莉屬藥用植物研究進展. 廣東醫藥學院學報. 1994;10(4):251–3.
  6. Nellis DW. Poisonous plants and animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Sarasota: Pineapple Press; 1997. p. 220.
  7. 郝樸, 祝惠民. 防止誤服假天麻中毒. 新中醫. 1974;5:62.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 1. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2007. Mirabilis jalapa; p. 142.
  9. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 紫茉莉根; p. 2370–1.

Monstera deliciosa 龜背竹
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 23]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=4453
  2. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 14.
  3. Chu WL. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Discovery; 2007. p. 42.
  4. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 218–9.
  5. McKinney P, Cumpston K, editors. Poisonous plants: a handbook for doctors, pharmacists, toxicologists, biologists and veterinarians. 2nd ed. Portland: Timber Press; 2005. p. 62.
  6. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 109–22.
  7. Nellis DW. Poisonous plants and animals of Florida and the Caribbean. Sarasota: Pineapple Press; 1997. p. 150.
  8. Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM, Lambie BS, Wilkins GT, Schep LJ. Poisonous plants in New Zealand: a review of those that are most commonly enquired about to the National Poisons Centre. N Z Med J. 2012;125(1367):87–118.
  9. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 334–5.
  10. 中國植物誌(第13卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1979. 龜背竹; p. 41.
  11. 中華人民共和國衛生部藥典委員會. 中華人民共和國藥典中藥粉末顯微鑒別彩色圖集. 趙中振主編. 偏光顯微鏡在中藥顯微鑒別上的應用. 廣州: 廣東科技出版社; 1999. p. 17–35.

N

Nandina domestica 南天竺
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  3. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 90.
  4. Chu WL. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Discovery; 2007. p. 30.
  5. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 76.
  6. 舒積成, 彭財英, 劉建群, 王亞莉. 南天竹化學成份及藥理研究進展. 中成藥. 2013;35(2):372–5.
  7. Antonini E, Brunori M, Greenwood C, Malmström BG, Rotilio GC. The interaction of cyanide with cytochrome oxidase. Eur J Biochem. 1971;23(2):396–400.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 1. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2007. Nandina domestica; p. 74.
  9. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 南天竹子, 南天竹根; p. 1564–6.
  10. Ikezawa N, Iwasa K, Sato F. Molecular cloning and characterization of methylenedioxy bridge-forming enzymes involved in stylopine biosynthesis in Eschscholzia californica. FEBS J. 2007;274(4):1019–35.
  11. Wang X, Liu X, Xu X, Zhu T, Shi F, Qin K, et al. Screening and identification of multiple constituents and their metabolites of Fangji Huangqi Tang in rats by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry basing on coupling data processing techniques. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2015;985:14–28.

Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis 水仙
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  2. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 32.
  3. 中華本草(第八冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編委會; 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 水仙; p. 211–3.
  4. Press Releases: case of Narcissus poisoning under CHP investigation. [Internet]. Hong Kong: Centre of Health Protection, Department of Health, The Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Jan 20]. Available from: http://www.chp.gov.hk/tc/content/116/33708.html
  5. Kretzing S, Abraham G, Seiwert B, Ungemach FR, Krügel U, Regenthal R. Dose-dependent emetic effects of the Amaryllidaceous alkaloid lycorine in beagle dogs. Toxicon. 2011;57(1):117–24.
  6. Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Rodríguez JA, Loyola JI, Astudillo L, Bastida J, Viladomat F, et al. Activity of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids on the blood pressure of normotensive rats. Pharm Pharmacol Commun. 2000;6(7):309–12.
  7. TOXBASE [Internet]. United Kingdom: TOXBASE, National Poisons Information Service; 1983 [updated 2012 Mar; cited 2015 Oct 19]. Available from: http://www.toxbase.org/Poisons-Index-A-Z/N-Products/Narcissus/
  8. Matulkova P, Gobin M, Evans M, Parkyn PC, Palmer C, Oliver I. Gastro-intestinal poisoning due to consumption of daffodils mistaken for vegetables at commercial markets, Bristol, United Kingdom. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2012;50(8):788–90.
  9. Hussein A, Yassin A. Poisoning following ingestion of Narcissus tazetta bulbs by schoolchildren. Isr Med Assoc J. 2014;16(2):125–6.
  10. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 4. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Cheung KW, Pang KS, Yip KL, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2011. Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis; p. 262.
  11. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 水仙花; p. 525.
  12. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 水仙; p. 122–3.
  13. Chun J-H, Jang IH, Arasu MV, Ai-Dhabi NA, Duraipandiyan V, Lee D-H, et al. Isolation and identification of alkaloids and anthocyanins from flower and bulb of Lycoris radiata using HPLC and LC-ESI-MS. J Agric Chem Environ. 2013;2(1):22–6.
  14. de Andrade JP, Pigni NB, Torras-Claveria L, Berkov S, Codina C, Viladomat F, et al. Bioactive alkaloid extracts from Narcissus broussonetii: mass spectral studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2012;70:13–25.
  15. Tian Y, Zhang C, Guo M. Comparative analysis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from three Lycoris species. Molecules. 2015;20:21854–69.

Nerium oleander 夾竹桃
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  2. 中國植物誌(第63卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1977. 夾竹桃; p. 147.
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  6. Pietsch J, Oertel R, Trautmann S, Schulz K, Kopp B, Dreβler J. A non-fatal oleander poisoning. Int J Legal Med. 2005;119(4):236–40.
  7. Schwartz A, Allen JC, Harigaya S. Possible involvement of cardiac Na+, K+–adenosine triphosphatase in the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1969;168(1):31–41.
  8. Glynn IM. The action of cardiac glycosides on sodium and potassium movements in human red cells. J Physiol. 1957;136(1):148–73.
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Nicotiana tabacum 煙草
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O

Oxalis corniculata 酢漿草
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P

Passiflora foetida 龍珠果
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  9. Sornyotha S, Kyu KL, Ratanakhanokchai K. Purification and detection of linamarin from cassava root cortex by high performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem. 2007;104(4):1750–4.

Pedilanthus tithymaloides 紅雀珊瑚
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  8. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 玉帶根; p. 556.

Phytolacca americana 美洲商陸
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  5. Guan X, Chang H, Sun F. Chen X, Zhang W, Fan G. Determination of esculentoside A in dog plasma by LC-MS/MS method: application to pre-clinical pharmacokinetics. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2013;72:261–6.
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  11. 中華人民共和國藥典(一部). 國家藥典委員會; 北京: 中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 商陸; p. 304–5.
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  13. Press Releases: suspected case of Phytolacca americana poisoning under CHP investigation [Internet]. Hong Kong: Centre of Health Protection, Department of Health, The Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 April 28]. Available from: http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201404/11/P201404110971.htm
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Plumbago zeylanica 白花丹
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  11. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 白花丹; p. 711–2.
  12. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 白花丹; p. 177–8.
  13. Babula P, Mikelova R, Adam V, Kizek R, Havel L, Sladky Z. Using of liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector for determination of naphthoquinones in plants and for investigation of influence of pH of cultivation medium on content of plumbagin in Dionaea muscipula. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006;842(1):28–35.
  14. Borges-Argáez R, Uc-Cachón A, Quintal-Novelo C, Canché-Escamilia G, Farfán MC. A selective chemical method for the separation of quinones from the stem bark of Diospyros anisandra. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2013;5(4):13–7.
  15. Hsieh YJ, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Determination and identification of plumbagin from the roots of Plumbago zeylanica L. by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2005;1083(1–2):141–5.

Punica granatum 安石榴
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  4. 何偉生, 韋瑞成, 廖立新. 石榴樹皮中毒致Ⅲ度房室傳導阻滯一例報告. 廣西中醫藥. 1989;3:34.
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  7. 中華人民共和國藥典(一部). 國家藥典委員會;北京: 中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 石榴皮; p. 87.
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  9. Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. California: Art of Medicine Press; 2004. Shi Liu Pi (Pericarpium Granati); p. 1002.
  10. Dräger B. Analysis of tropane and related alkaloids. J Chromatogr A. 2002;978(1–2):1–35.
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R

Ranunculus sceleratus 石龍芮
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  6. Modi GM, Doherty CB, Katta R, Orengo IF. Irritant contact dermatitis from plants. Dermatitis. 2009;20(2):63–78.
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  8. 吳卓璇, 雷小麗, 鄭亮, 馮永芳, 王瑋蓁. 自制石龍芮制劑外敷致接觸性皮炎1例. 實用皮膚病學雜誌. 2011;4(4):250.
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  11. Duckstein SM, Stintzing FC. Comprehensive study of the phenolics and saponins from Helleborus niger L. leaves and stems by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Chem Biodivers. 2014;11(2):276–98.

Rauvolfia verticillata 蘿芙木
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  4. Parker JM, Murphy CW. Reserpine – a comparison of chronic toxicity in animals with clinical toxicity. Can Med Assoc J. 1961;84(21):1177–80.
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  9. Iqbal M, Alam A, Wani TA, Khalil NY. Simultaneous determination of reserpine, rescinnamine, and yohimbine in human plasma by ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Methods Chem. 2013;2013:940861.
  10. Chen Q, Chen J, Li P, Xiong L, Liu Q. Simple and fast determination of reserpine and yohimbine from Rauvolfia yunnanensis by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Anal Methods. 2013;5(13):3347–52.

Rhododendron simsii 紅杜鵑
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  3. Chu WL. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Discovery; 2007. p. 60.
  4. Jansen SA, Kleerekooper I, Hofman ZL, Kappen IF, Stary-Weinzinger A, van der Heyden MA. Grayanotoxin poisoning: ‘mad honey disease’ and beyond. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2012;12(3):208–15.
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  9. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 1. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2007. Rhododendron simsii; p. 276.
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  11. Lechtenberg M, Dierks F, Sendker J, Louis A, Schepker H, Hensel A. Extracts from Rhododendron ferrugineum do not exhibit grayanotoxin I: an analytical survey on grayanotoxin I within the genus Rhododendron. Planta Med. 2014;80(15):1321–8.
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Ricinus communis 蓖麻
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Rumex japonicus 羊蹄
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Ruta graveolens 芸香
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  9. Ciganda C, Laborde A. Herbal infusions used for induced abortion. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(3):235–9.
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  12. Chericoni S, Flamini G, Campeol E, Cioni PL, Morelli I. GC-MS analyses of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Artemisia verlotiorum: variability during the year. Biochem Syst Ecol. 2004;32(4):423–9.
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S

Sauropus androgynus 守宮木
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  7. Lai RS, Wang JS, Wu MT, Hsu HK. Lung transplantation in bronchiolitis obliterans associated with vegetable consumption. Lancet. 1998;352(9122):117–8.
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  9. Krenn L, Boros B, Ohmacht R, Jelinek L. HPLC separation of opium alkaloids on porous and non-porous stationary phases. Chromatographia. 2000;51(1):S175–8.
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Senecio scandens 千里光
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  4. 林有潤, 韋強, 謝振華. 有害花木圖鑒. 廣州: 廣東旅游出版社; 2006. p. 34.
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  6. Zhou Y, Li N, Choi FFK, Qiao CF, Song JZ, Li SL, et al. A new approach for simultaneous screening and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in some potential pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta. 2010;681(1–2):33–40.
  7. Environmental health criteria for pyrrolizidine alkaloids [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1988 [cited 2013 Jun 10]. Available from: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc080.htm
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  13. Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. California: Art of Medicine Press; 2004. Qian Li Guang (Herba Senecionis Scandens); p. 190.
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Senna occidentalis 望江南
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  7. 劉亞菲, 王明, 鞏江, 高昂, 楊文慧, 賈旭 等. 望江南藥學研究概況. 遼寧中醫藥大學學報. 2011;13(5):68–9.
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  12. Jiao Y, Zuo Y. Ultrasonic extraction and HPLC determination of anthraquinones, aloe-emodine, emodine, rheine, chrysophanol and physcione, in roots of Polygoni multiflori. Phytochem Anal. 2009;20(4):272–8.
  13. ElSohly MA, Gul W, Murphy TP. Analysis of the anthraquinones aloe-emodin and aloin by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Int Immunopharmacol. 2004;4(14):1739–44.
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Senna siamea 鐵刀木
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  6. Padumanonda T, Gritsanapan W. Barakol contents in fresh and cooked Senna siamea leaves. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2006;37(2): 388–93.
  7. Koyama J, Morita I, Tagahara K, Bakari J, Aqil M. Capillary electrophoresis of anthraquinones from Cassia siamea. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2002;50(8):1103–5.
  8. Hongsirinirachorn M, Threeprasertsuk S, Chutaputti A. Acute hepatitis associated with Barakol. J Med Assoc Thai. 2003;86(Suppl 2):S484–9.
  9. Thongsaard W, Pongsakorn S, Sudsuang R, Bennett GW, Kendall DA, Marsden CA. Barakol, a natural anxiolytic, inhibits striatal dopamine release but off uptake in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997;319(2–3):157–64.
  10. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Senna siamea; p. 57.
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  14. Thongsaard W, Chainakul S, Bennett GW, Marsden CA. Determination of barakol extracted from Cassia siamea by HPLC with electrochemical detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2001;25(5–6):853–9.
  15. Padumanonda T, Suntomsuk L, Gritsanapan W. Quantitative analysis of barakol content in Senna siamea leaves and flowers by TLC-densitometry. Med Princ Pract. 2007;16(1):47–52.

Solandra nitida 金盃藤
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Solanum americanum 少花龍葵
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  16. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 古鈕菜; p. 565–6.
  17. Press releases: case of suspected Atropa belladonna poisoning under CHP investigation [Internet]. Hong Kong: Centre of Health Protection, Department of Health, the Government of the HKSAR; 2014. [cited 2015 Jan 27]. Available from: http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201403/19/P201403190787.htm
  18. Sánchez-Mata MC, Yokoyama WE, Hong YJ, Prohens J. α-Solasonine and α-solamargine contents of gboma (Solanum macrocarpon L.) and scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum L.) eggplants. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58(9):5502–8.
  19. Zywicki B, Catchpole G, Draper J, Fiehn O. Comparison of rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry methods for determination of glycoalkaloids in transgenic field-grown potatoes. Anal Biochem. 2005;336(2):178–86.

Solanum capsicoides 牛茄子
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 15]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=2575
  2. 中國植物誌(第67卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1978. 牛茄子; p. 105.
  3. 中華本草(第七冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 野癲茄; p. 315–6.
  4. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 274–8.
  5. Mohy-ud-din A, Khan Z, Ahmad M, Kashmiri MA. Chemotaxonomic value of alkaloids in Solanum nigrum complex. Pak J Bot. 2010;42(1):653–60.
  6. FDA Poisonous Plant Database [Internet]. United States: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services; 1960 [cited 2015 Jan 27]. Available from: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/plantox/detail.cfm?id=1364
  7. Cipollini ML, Levey DJ. Why are some fruits toxic? Glycoalkaloids in Solanum and fruit choice by vertebrates. Ecol. 1997;78(3):782–98.
  8. Roddick JG, Rijnenberg AL, Weissenberg M. Membrane-disrupting properties of the steroidal glycoalkaloids solasonine and solamargine. Phytochemistry. 1990;29(5):1513–8.
  9. Smith SW, Giesbrecht E, Thompson M, Nelson LS, and Hoffman RS. Solanaceous steroidal glycoalkaloids and poisoning by Solanum torvum, the normally edible susumber berry. Toxicon. 2008;52(6):667–76.
  10. Jain R, Sharma A, Gupta S, Sarethy IP, Gabrani R. Solanum nigrum: current perspectives on therapeutic properties. Altern Med Rev. 2011;16(1):78–85.
  11. McKinney P, Cumpston K, editors. Poisonous plants: a handbook for doctors, pharmacists, toxicologists, biologists and veterinarians. 2nd ed. Portland: Timber Press; 2005. p. 378–83.
  12. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Solanum capsicoides; p. 49.
  13. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 野癲茄; p. 2149–50.
  14. Sánchez-Mata MC, Yokoyama WE, Hong YJ, Prohens J. α-Solasonine and α-solamargine contents of gboma (Solanum macrocarpon L.) and scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum L.) eggplants. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58(9):5502–8.
  15. Zywicki B, Catchpole G, Draper J, Fiehn O. Comparison of rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry methods for determination of glycoalkaloids in transgenic field-grown potatoes. Anal Biochem. 2005;336(2):178–86.

Solanum mammosum 乳茄
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 17]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=2939
  2. 中華本草(第七冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 五指茄; p. 304–5.
  3. 廣東植物誌(第2卷). 中國科學院華南植物園. 廣州: 廣東科技出版社; 1998. 乳茄; p. 380.
  4. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 274–8.
  5. Quijano M, Riera-Ruíz C, Barragán A, Miranda M, Orellana T, Manzano P. Molluscicidal activity of the aqueous extracts from Solanum mammosum L., Sapindus saponaria L. and Jatropha curcas L. against Pomacea canaliculata. Emir J Food Agric. 2014;26(10):871–7.
  6. Mohy-ud-din A, Khan Z, Ahmad M, Kashmiri MA. Chemotaxonomic value of alkaloids in Solanum nigrum complex. Pak J Bot. 2010;42(1):653–60.
  7. FDA Poisonous Plant Database [Internet]. United States: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services; 1960 [cited 2015 Jan 27]. Available from: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/plantox/detail.cfm?id=1364
  8. Cipollini ML, Levey DJ. Why are some fruits toxic? Glycoalkaloids in Solanum and fruit choice by vertebrates. Ecol. 1997;78(3):782–98.
  9. Roddick JG, Rijnenberg AL, Weissenberg M. Membrane-disrupting properties of the steroidal glycoalkaloids solasonine and solamargine. Phytochemistry. 1990;29(5):1513–8.
  10. Smith SW, Giesbrecht E, Thompson M, Nelson LS, and Hoffman RS. Solanaceous steroidal glycoalkaloids and poisoning by Solanum torvum, the normally edible susumber berry. Toxicon. 2008;52(6):667–76.
  11. Jain R, Sharma A, Gupta S, Sarethy IP, Gabrani R. Solanum nigrum: current perspectives on therapeutic properties. Altern Med Rev. 2011;16(1):78–85.
  12. McKinney P, Cumpston K, editors. Poisonous plants: a handbook for doctors, pharmacists, toxicologists, biologists and veterinarians. 2nd ed. Portland: Timber Press; 2005. p. 378–83.
  13. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Solanum mammosum; p. 48.
  14. Sánchez-Mata MC, Yokoyama WE, Hong YJ, Prohens J. α-Solasonine and α-solamargine contents of gboma (Solanum macrocarpon L.) and scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum L.) eggplants. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58(9):5502–8.
  15. Zywicki B, Catchpole G, Draper J, Fiehn O. Comparison of rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry methods for determination of glycoalkaloids in transgenic field-grown potatoes. Anal Biochem. 2005;336(2):178–86.

Stephania sinica 汝蘭
  1. 中華本草(第三冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 汝蘭; p. 383.
  2. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 515.
  3. 歐明, 王寧生主編. 中藥及其製劑不良反應大典. 台北: 大展出版社; 2005. p. 171.
  4. Horowitz RS, Feldhaus K, Dart RC, Stermitz FR, Beck JJ. The clinical spectrum of Jin Bu Huan toxicity. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156(8):899–903.
  5. Woolf GM, Petrovic LM, Rojter SE, Wainwright S, Villamil FG, Katkov WN, et al. Acute hepatitis associated with the Chinese herbal product Jin Bu Huan. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121(10):729–35.
  6. Lai CK, Chan AYW. Tetrahydropalmatine poisoning: diagnoses of nine adult overdoses based on toxicology screens by HPLC with diode-array detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Chem. 1999;45(2):229–36.
  7. Wang C, Zhou J, Wang S, Ye M, Fan G, Zou H, et al. Shotgun approach based comparative proteomic analysis of levo-tetrahydropalmatine-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett. 2010;194(1–2):8–15.
  8. Picciotto A, Campo N, Brizzolara R, Giusto R, Guido G, Sinelli N, et al. Chronic hepatitis induced by Jin Bu Huan. J Hepatol. 1998;28(1):165–7.
  9. 中國植物誌(第30卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1996. 汝蘭; p. 55.
  10. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 汝蘭; p. 1384–5.
  11. Chan TYK, Tam HP, Lai CK, Chan AYW. A multidisciplinary approach to the toxicologic problems associated with the use of herbal medicines. Ther Drug Monit. 2005;27(1):53–7.
  12. Zhang C, Wu H, Huang X, Zhu Z, Luo H, Huang F, et al. Simultaneous Determination of toxic alkaloids in blood and urine by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Chromatographia. 2012;75(9):499–511.

Strophanthus divaricatus 羊角拗
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Nov 5]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=4078
  2. 中華本草(第六冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編委會; 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 羊角拗; p. 309–12.
  3. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 62.
  4. 莊兆祥, 李甯漢主編. 香港中草藥(第三輯). 香港: 商務印書館; 1997. p. 106.
  5. Schwartz A, Allen JC, Harigaya S. Possible involvement of cardiac Na+, K+–adenosine triphosphatase in the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1969;168(1):31–41.
  6. Glynn IM. The action of cardiac glycosides on sodium and potassium movements in human red cells. J Physiol. 1957;136(1):148–73.
  7. Heard K. Digoxin and therapeutic cardiac glycosides. In: Dart RC, editor. Medical toxicology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. p. 700–6.
  8. 劉思強, 羅東, 巫卓英. 一起三小孩由羊角拗引起中毒事故的報告. 中國食品衛生雜誌. 1996;4:39.
  9. Eddleston M, Persson H. Acute plant poisoning and antitoxin antibodies. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(3):309–15.
  10. Roberts DM, Buckley NA. Antidotes for acute cardenolide (cardiac glycoside) poisoning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;4:CD005490.
  11. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Strophanthus divaricatus; p. 26.
  12. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 羊角拗; p. 967.
  13. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 羊角拗; p. 235–6.
  14. Chen RF, Abe F, Yamauchi T, Taki M. Cardenolide glycosides of Strophanthus divaricatus. Phytochemistry. 1987;26(8):2351–5.
  15. Carlier J, Guitton J, Romeuf L, Bévalot F, Boyer B, Fanton L, et al. Screening approach by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the blood quantification of thirty-four toxic principles of plant origin. Application to forensic toxicology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2015;975:65–76.

Strychnos angustiflora 牛眼馬錢
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=2582
  2. 中國植物誌(第61卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1992. 牛眼馬錢; p. 234.
  3. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 54.
  4. Philippe G, Angenot L, Tits M, Frédérich M. About the toxicity of some Strychnos species and their alkaloids. Toxicon. 2004;44(4):405–16.
  5. Palatnick W, Meatherall R, Sitar D, Tenenbein M. Toxicokinetics of acute strychnine poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35(6):617–20.
  6. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Strychnos angustiflora; p. 12.
  7. 中華本草(第六冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編委會; 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 牛眼珠; p. 217–8.
  8. Wang Z, Zhao J, Xing J, He Y, Guo D. Analysis of strychnine and brucine in postmortem specimens by RP-HPLC: a case report of fatal intoxication. J Anal Toxicol. 2004;28(2):141–4.
  9. Rosano TG, Hubbard JD, Meola JM, Swift TA. Fatal strychnine poisoning: application of gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol. 2000;24(7):642–7.
  10. Ng SW, Ching CK, Chan AYW, Mak TWL. Simultaneous detection of 22 toxic plant alkaloids (aconitum alkaloids, solanaceous tropane alkaloids, sophora alkaloids, strychnos alkaloids and colchicine) in human urine and herbal samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013;(942–3):63–9.

T

Teucrium viscidum 血見愁
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=3960
  2. 中華本草(第七冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 山藿香; p. 232–3.
  3. Poon WT, Chau TL, Lai CK, Tse KY, Chan YC, Leung KS, et al. Hepatitis induced by Teucrium viscidum. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008;46(9):819–22.
  4. Fujita E, Uchida I, Fujita T, Masaki N, Osaki K. Teucvin, a novel furanoid norditerpene from Teucrium viscidum var. Miquelianum. J Chem Soc Chem Commun. 1973;20:793–4.
  5. Node M, Sai M, Fujita E. Isolation of the diterpenoid teuflin (6-epiteucvin) from Teucrium viscidum var. miquelianum. Phytochemistry. 1981;20(4):757–60.
  6. De Berardinis V, Moulis C, Maurice M, Beaune P, Pessayre D, Pompon D, et al. Human microsomal epoxide hydrolase is the target of germander-induced autoantibodies on the surface of human hepatocytes. Mol Pharmacol. 2000; 58(3):542–51.
  7. Kouzi SA, McMurtry RJ, Nelson SD. Hepatotoxicity of germander (Teucrium chamaedrys L.) and one of its constituent neoclerodane diterpenes teucrin A in the mouse. Chem Res Toxicol. 1994;7(6):850–6.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Teucrium viscidum; p. 99.
  9. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 山藿香; p. 204.

Thevetia peruviana 黃花夾竹桃
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Nov 5]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=11572
  2. 中華本草(第六冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 黃花夾竹桃; p. 312–5.
  3. 中國植物誌(第63卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1977. 黃花夾竹桃; p. 36.
  4. Oji O, Okafor QE. Toxicological studies on stem bark, leaf and seed kernel of yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana). Phytother Res. 2000;14(2):133–5.
  5. Saravanapavananthan N, Ganeshamoorthy J. Yellow oleander poisoning – a study of 170 cases. Forensic Sci Int. 1988;36(3–4):247–50.
  6. Langford SD, Boor PJ. Oleander toxicity: an examination of human and animal toxic exposures. Toxicology. 1996;109(1):1–13.
  7. Eddleston M, Ariaratnam CA, Meyer WP, Perera G, Kularatne AM, Attapattu S, et al. Epidemic of self-poisoning with seeds of the yellow oleander tree (Thevetia peruviana) in northern Sri Lanka. Trop Med Int Health. 1999;4(4):266–73.
  8. Schwartz A, Allen JC, Harigaya S. Possible involvement of cardiac Na+, K+–adenosine triphosphatase in the mechanism of action of cardiac glycosides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1969;168(1):31–41.
  9. Glynn IM. The action of cardiac glycosides on sodium and potassium movements in human red cells. J Physiol. 1957;136(1):148–73.
  10. Heard K. Digoxin and therapeutic cardiac glycosides. In: Dart RC, editor. Medical toxicology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. p. 700–6.
  11. Bandara V, Weinstein SA, White J, Eddleston M. A review of the natural history, toxicology, diagnosis and clinical management of Nerium oleander (common oleander) and Thevetia peruviana (yellow oleander) poisoning. Toxicon. 2010;56(3):273–81.
  12. Eddleston M, Persson H. Acute plant poisoning and antitoxin antibodies. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(3):309–15.
  13. Roberts DM, Buckley NA. Antidotes for acute cardenolide (cardiac glycoside) poisoning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;4:CD005490.
  14. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Thevetia peruviana; p. 19.
  15. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 黃花夾竹桃; p. 472–4.
  16. Kohls S, Scholz-Böttcher B, Rullkötter J, Teske J. Method validation of a survey of thevetia cardiac glycosides in serum samples. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;215(1–3):146–51.
  17. Carlier J, Guitton J, Bévalot F, Fanton L, Gaillard Y. The principal toxic glycosidic steroids in Cerbera manghas L. seeds: Identification of cerberin, neriifolin, tanghinin and deacetyltanghinin by UHPLC-HRMS/MS, quantification by UHPLC-PDA-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2014;962:1–8.

Typhonium blumei 犁頭尖
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Nov 9]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=5399
  2. 中華本草(第八冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 犁頭尖; p. 527–8.
  3. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 109–22.
  4. Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM, Lambie BS, Wilkins GT, Schep LJ. Poisonous plants in New Zealand: a review of those that are most commonly enquired about to the National Poisons Centre. N Z Med J. 2012;125(1367):87–118.
  5. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 102.
  6. 王隆碩, 蕭銘輝, 陳冠佐, 黃彥維, 高允中. 犁頭草中毒之中醫會診病例報告. 中醫內科醫學雜誌. 2014;12(2):15–26.
  7. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 334–5.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 4. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Cheung KW, Pang KS, Yip KL, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2011. Typhonium blumei; p. 35.
  9. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 犁頭尖; p. 2177–8.
  10. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 犁頭尖; p. 510.
  11. 中華人民共和國衛生部藥典委員會. 中華人民共和國藥典中藥粉末顯微鑒別彩色圖集. 趙中振主編. 偏光顯微鏡在中藥顯微鑒別上的應用. 廣州: 廣東科技出版社; 1999. p. 17–35.

V

Veratrum schindleri 牯嶺藜蘆
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 17]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=5626
  2. 中華本草(第八冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1980. 藜蘆; p. 183–7.
  3. Schep LJ, Schmierer DM, Fountain JS. Veratrum poisoning. Toxicol Rev. 2006;25(2):73–8.
  4. 周劍俠, 康露, 沈征武. 天目藜蘆生物鹼成分研究. 中國藥學雜誌. 2006;41(18):1379–81.
  5. 史志誠主編. 中國草地重要有毒植物. 北京: 中國農業出版社; 1997. p. 215.
  6. Jaffe AM, Gephardt D, and Courtemanche L. Poisoning due to ingestion of Veratrum viride (false hellebore). J Emerg Med. 1990;8(2):161–7.
  7. Gaillard Y and Pepin G. LC-EI-MS determination of veratridine and cevadine in two fatal cases of Veratrum album poisoning. J Anal Toxicol. 2001;25(6):481–5.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 4. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Cheung KW, Pang KS, Yip KL, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2011. Veratrum schindleri; p. 275.
  9. 中藥大辭典(下冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 藜蘆; p. 2692–4.
  10. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 藜蘆; p. 624–7.
  11. Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. California: Art of Medicine Press; 2004. Li Lu (Radix et Rhizoma Veratri); p. 1030–1.
  12. Carlier J, Guitton J, Romeuf L, Bévalot F, Boyer B, Fanton L, et al. Screening approach by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the blood quantification of thirty-four toxic principles of plant origin. Application to forensic toxicology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2015;975:65–76.
  13. Cong Y, Guo J, Tang Z, Lin S, Zhang Q, Li J, et al. Metabolism study of veratramine associated with neurotoxicity by using HPLC-MSn. J Chromatogr Sci. 2015;53(7):1092–9.

Vernicia montana 木油樹
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 17]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=5942
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  4. 張盛, 褚文靜, 毛紹名, 劉仲華, 章懷雲, 秦國偉. 千年桐根的化學成分研究. 中南林業科技大學學報. 2012;32(4):174–6.
  5. Lin TJ, Hsu CI, Lee KH, Shiu LL, Deng JF. Two outbreaks of acute Tung Nut (Aleurites fordii) poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1996;34(1):87–92.
  6. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 327–31.
  7. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編委會; 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 油桐子; p. 861–2.
  8. Falodun A, Agbakwuru EOP. Phytochemical analysis and laxative activity of the leaf extracts of Euphorbia heterophylla Linn (Euphorbiaceae). Pak J Sci Ind Res. 2004;47(5):345–8.
  9. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Vernicia montana; p. 234.
  10. Press Releases: CHP investigates suspected food poisoning case related to wild fruits [Internet]. Hong Kong: Centre of Health Protection, Department of Health, The Government of HKSAR; 2015 [cited 2015 Dec 11]. Available from: http://www.dh.gov.hk/english/press/2015/151202.html
  11. Vogg G, Achatz S, Kettrup A, Sandermann H Jr. Fast, sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination of tumor-promoting diterpene esters. J Chromatogr A. 1999;855(2):563–73.

X

Xanthium-sibiricum 蒼耳
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  2. 中國植物誌(第75卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1979. 蒼耳; p. 325.
  3. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 90.
  4. 張婷婷, 鄢良春, 趙軍寧, 成霖. 蒼耳子 “毒性”及現代毒理學研究進展. 藥物評價研究. 2010;33(5):361–6.
  5. Lemasters JJ, Sowers AE. Phosphate dependence and atractyloside inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The ADP-ATP carrier is rate-limiting. J Biol Chem. 1979;254(4):1248–51.
  6. 張學梅, 張重華. 蒼耳子中毒及毒性研究進展. 中西醫結合學報. 2003;1(1):71–3.
  7. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 3. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2009. Xanthium sibiricum; p. 259.
  8. 中華本草(第七冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編委會; 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 菊科; p. 1010–7.
  9. 中華人民共和國藥典(一部). 國家藥典委員會; 北京: 中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 蒼耳子; p. 151.
  10. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 蒼耳子; p. 1071–2.
  11. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 蒼耳子; p. 258–9.
  12. Chen JK, Chen TT. Chinese medical herbology and pharmacology. California: Art of Medicine Press; 2004. Cang Er Zi (Fructus Xanthii); p. 62–3.
  13. Romeuf L, Mazoyer C, Cherrah Y, Ahid S, Ollagnier M, Basset T, et al. Identification and quantification of atractyloside (ATR) and carboxyatractyloside (CATR) by HPLC-MS2 and HPLC-MS3 in the body fluids of two rabbits poisoned by oral feeding and two actual cases of human poisoning by Atractylis gummifera. Ann Toxicol Anal. 2008;20(S1):38.

W

Wikstroemia indica 了哥王
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 July 16]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=2617
  2. 中華本草(第五冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 了哥王; p. 423–7.
  3. 中國植物誌(第52卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1999. 了哥王; p. 300.
  4. Ho MH. Hong Kong poisonous plants. Hong Kong: The Urban Council; 1981. p. 25.
  5. 林烈民. 了哥王中毒1例. 中國中西醫結合急救雜誌. 1995;2(6):248.
  6. 張慶文, 餘奕明, 曾力生, 吳曉龍. 口服了歌王中毒致死1例. 中國法醫學雜誌. 2008;23(5):353.
  7. Centre for Food Safety. Natural toxins in food plants. Risk Assessment Studies Report No. 27. Hong Kong: Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2007. p. 19.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department; 2008. Wikstroemia indica; p. 135.
  9. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 了哥王; p. 51–3.
  10. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 了哥王; p. 16–7.

Z

Zantedeschia aethiopica 馬蹄蓮
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 Oct 27]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=9793
  2. 鄭元春. 台北市常見的有毒植物. 台北: 台北市政府新聞處; 1999. p. 154.
  3. Nelson LS, Shih RD, Balick MJ. Handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 303–4.
  4. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 109–22.
  5. Minciullo PL, Fazio E, Patafi M, Gangemi S. Allergic contact dermatitis due to Zantedeschia aethiopica. Contact Dermatitis. 2007;56(1):46–7.
  6. Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM, Lambie BS, Wilkins GT, Schep LJ. Poisonous plants in New Zealand: a review of those that are most commonly enquired about to the National Poisons Centre. N Z Med J. 2012;125(1367):87–118.
  7. Wink M, Van Wyk B-E. Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Portland: Timber Press; 2008. p. 334–5.
  8. 中國植物誌(第13卷). 中國科學院中國植物誌編輯委員會. 北京: 科學出版社; 1979. 馬蹄蓮; p. 46.
  9. 中華人民共和國衛生部藥典委員會. 中華人民共和國藥典中藥粉末顯微鑒別彩色圖集. 趙中振主編. 偏光顯微鏡在中藥顯微鑒別上的應用. 廣州: 廣東科技出版社; 1999. p. 17–35.

Zanthoxylum nitidum 兩面針
  1. Hong Kong Plant Database [Internet]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Herbarium, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2014 [cited 2015 June 29]. Available from: http://herbarium.gov.hk/subpages.aspx?id=2841
  2. 中華本草(第四冊). 國家中醫藥管理局中華本草編輯委員會. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1999. 入地金牛; p. 991–4.
  3. 陳冀勝, 鄭碩主編. 中國有毒植物. 台北: 地景企業; 1997. p. 648–9.
  4. Liang M, Zhang W, Hu J, Liu R, Zhang C. Simultaneous analysis of alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2006;42(2):178–83.
  5. 唐洪. 兩面針中毒致呼吸心跳驟停1例. 醫學文選. 2001;20(2):237.
  6. Wang LK, Johnson RK, Hecht SM. Inhibition of topoisomerase I function by nitidine and fagaronine. Chem Res Toxicol. 1993;6(6):813–8.
  7. Stiborová M, Šimánek V, Frei E, Hobza P, Ulrichová J. DNA adduct formation from quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids sanguinarine and chelerythrine as revealed by the 32p-postlabeling technique. Chem Biol Interact. 2002;140(3):231–42.
  8. Flora of Hong Kong, Vol. 2. Hu QM, Wu DL, Xia NH, Yip KL, Lai CC, editors. Hong Kong: Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, the Government of HKSAR; 2008. Zanthoxylum nitidum; p. 280.
  9. 中華人民共和國藥典(一部). 國家藥典委員會;北京：中國醫藥科技出版社; 2010. 兩面針; p. 157–8.
  10. 中藥大辭典(上冊). 江蘇新醫學院. 上海: 上海科學技術出版社; 1998. 入地金牛; p. 40–1.
  11. 有毒中草藥大辭典. 郭曉莊主編. 天津: 天津科技翻譯出版; 1995. 兩面針; p. 263–4.