POISONOUS PARTS
Aerial part of plant.3
TOXICITY
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Toxic Constituents
Not identified.
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Toxic Dose
30 g. Reported lethal dose: 200 g.4
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Mechanism
Renal tubular injury associated with L. japonicus may be caused by oxidative stress, leading to interstitial fibrosis, telangiectasia and tubular lumen atrophy, particularly at the renal medulla.5,6
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Poisoning Features
Loin pain , proteinuria, haematuria, headache, abdominal pain, weakness, numbness, sweating and shock.7,8
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Poisoning Events
Multiple poisoning cases due to overdose of L. japonicus as TCM have been reported in China. Most patients recovered uneventfully.4,7
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
Supportive treatment.
IDENTIFICATION FEATURES
Annual or biennial herbs, 30–120 cm tall. Stems obtusely angled, with retrorse strigose. Leaves 3-palmatipartite, lobes 2.5–6 ×1.5–4 cm. Verticillasters 8–15-flowered, 2–2.5 cm in diameter. Calyx 5–6 mm long, with spinescent teeth. Corolla red or white, 10–12 mm long, pubescent, 2-lipped; upper lip erect, lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens didynamous. Nutlets ellipsoidal, smooth.9
MEDICINAL USES
Whole plant used in TCM: activate blood and regulate menstruation, eliminate stasis, induce diuresis and disperse swelling, clear heat and remove toxin. Recommended dose: 9–30 g.2,10–12
